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z_NUR411_Medsurge: UNIT 2 > Stomach Disorders: Gastritis > Flashcards

Stomach Disorders: Gastritis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of gastritis?

A
  • Acute

* Chronic

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2
Q

Regardless of type, gastritis is…

A
  • The inflammation of the stomach or gastric mucosa

* Gastritis only directly affects the stomach, while gastroenteritis affects both the stomach and the intestines.

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3
Q

What is acute gastritis?

A

• Acute gastritis is a sudden inflammation or swelling in the lining of the stomach.

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4
Q

The most common causes of acute gastritis are…

A
  • Poor diet
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and
  • Corticosteroids.
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5
Q

What does acute gastritis look like?

A

• Thickened, reddened mucous membrane w/ prominent rugae

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6
Q

What are the s/s of acute gastritis?

A
  • Abdominal discomfort
  • Anorexia
  • N/V
  • HA
  • Hiccups
  • Hemorrhage (from repeat irritation/alcohol abuse)
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7
Q

True or False

It is possible for acute gastritis to resolve through regeneration and healing.

A

• True

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8
Q

What are the interventions for acute gastritis?

A
  • NPO with fluids rest and antiemetics
  • Monitor for signs of hemorrhagic gastritis
  • Abx, bismuth salts
  • When stomach is calm, resume diet slowly avoiding acidic or spicy food
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9
Q

How long does it usually take for acute gastritis to resolve itself w/ appropriate self-care?

A

• 3 days

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10
Q

What do bismuth salts do for the stomach?

A
  • Bismuth salts to help eliminate bacteria that cause stomach problems such as diarrhea and stomach ulcers.
  • Bismuth salts also work like an antacid to treat problems such as indigestion.
  • Bismuth also might speed up blood clotting.
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11
Q

What medications are typically used for acute gastritis?

A
  • PPIs

* Pepsid (H2R Blocker via IV) may to calm acidity of stomach

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12
Q

What needs to be monitored while treating acute gastritis?

A

• Electrolyte levels, especially potassium

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13
Q

What are some signs of low potassium?

A

• A low potassium level can make muscles feel weak, cramp, twitch, or even become paralyzed, and abnormal heart rhythms may develop.

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14
Q

True or False

Milk is a preferred method for dealing with s/s of acute gastritis.

A

• False, it will stimulate acid production and exacerbate the issue

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15
Q

What are the physical attributes to chronic gastritis?

A

• Patchy, diffuse inflammation of the mucosal lining that leads to stomach atrophy and mucosal lining becomes thin and normal cells are destroyed

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16
Q

What are the two types of chronic gastritis?

A
  • Type A: Autoimmune

* Type B: H. pylori infections

17
Q

What are the s/s of chronic gastritis?

A
  • Belching
  • Anorexia
  • N/V
  • Heartburn after eating
  • Sore taste in mouth
  • Vit B12 deficiency
18
Q

How are the s/s of chronic gastritis managed?

A
  • Avoid acidic/spicy foods
  • Abx, bismuth salts
  • Vit B12 injections if needed
19
Q

What is the cause of type A chronic gastritis?

A

• It is an inherited autoimmune condition directed against the parietal cells

20
Q

As parietal cells of the stomach are lost, what occurs?

A
  • Decrease of HCl production
  • Inadequate intrinsic factor leading to Vitamin B12 malabsorption
  • Pernicious anemia
  • Peripheral neuropathy
21
Q

True or False

Type A chronic gastritis does not increase risk of ulcers and gastric cancer

A

• False, it does.

22
Q

What Is pernicious anemia and why would it occur with Type A chronic gastritis?

A
  • Pernicious means “deadly”, thus life threatening anemia
  • This occurs because of the lack of intrinsic factor produced by parietal cells that then decrease vitamin B12 absorption
  • B12 absorption is critical in the creation of RBCs, so if there is not enough B12, it reduces the overall count of RBCs and the downward spiral goes
23
Q

What is peripheral neuropathy?

A

• Weakness, numbness, and pain from nerve damage, usually in the hands and feet

24
Q

How does chronic gastritis cause peripheral neuropathy?

A
  • A lack of B12 damages the myelin sheath that surrounds and protect nerves.
  • Without this protection, nerves cease to function properly and conditions such as peripheral neuropathy occur
25
Q

What is the cause of Type B chronic gastritis?

A
  • H. pylori infection

* Triggers lymphocyte and neutrophil response that releases inflammatory cytokines and damages gastric mucosa

26
Q

What is the non-medical tx for type B chronic gastritis?

A
  • Alcohol and drug cessation
  • Small, frequent, non-irritating diet
  • Antacids after meals
27
Q

What is the medical approach of tx for type B chronic gastritis?

A
  • Abx for the H. pylori

* Cobalamin (B12) supplements for the pernicious anemia

28
Q

What is the diagnostic approach for gastritis?

A
  • Hx drug/alcohol abuse (causal)
  • Endoscopic exam w/ biopsy (definitive dx)
  • CBC for anemia
  • Serum antibody tests for parietal cells and intrinsic factor (B12 deficiency)
  • Breath, urine, serum, stool and gastric tissue to determine H. pylori infection

z_NUR411_Medsurge: UNIT 2 (25 decks)

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