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A&P 2 Test 5 Digestive > Stomach and Pancreas > Flashcards

Stomach and Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 major regions of the stomach and describe them

A
  1. The cardia= surrounds the the superior opening of the stomach
  2. The fundus=rounded portion superior and to the left of the cardia
  3. The body= large central portion inferior to the fundus
  4. The pyloric= last part of the stomach that leads to the duodenum
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2
Q

Name the 3 portions of the pyloric and describe their fxn

A
  1. Pyloric antrum= connects to the body of the stomach
  2. Pyloric canal= narrowing area that connects the pyloric antrum to the pylorus
  3. Pylorus= area that connects to the pyloric sphincter
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3
Q

Where are the three specialized cells that secrete products into the stomach lumen

A

gastric pits

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4
Q

What do chief cells secrete, what stimulates them, and what do they do

A

Secrete: pepsinogen

Stimulated by: luminal proteins (protein in the stomach)

Fxn: breaks down proteins, only proteolytic enzyme in the stomach

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5
Q

What do parietal cells secrete and what stimulates them

A

Secrete: HCL, Bicarb, Intrinsic factor

Stimulated by: luminal proteins (protein in the stomach) and Gastrin releasing peptide

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6
Q

What is gastrin releasing peptide

A

a neurotransmitter released by the vagus nerve endings

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7
Q

What do G cells produce, where are they found, and what do their products do

A

Produce= gastrin

Found only in the pyloric antrum

Fxn’s: Gastric is both a paracrine and endocrine hormone

  • simulates parietal cells to release HCL
  • stimulates histamine to be released from enterochromaffin like cells which activates parietal cells
  • stimulates epithelial cell repair/proliferation
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8
Q

What do D cells produce, and what do their products do

A

Produce= somatostatin GHIH

Fxn’s: inhibits Gastrin release from G cells

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9
Q

What do enterochromaffin like cells produce, and what do their products do

A

Produce: Histamine

Fxns: activates parietal cells to produce more HCL

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10
Q

What drugs block the drugs block histamine

A

Tidines… ranitidine, cimetidine

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11
Q

What is the basal pH of the stomach and what is the pH in the stomach when food is present

A

Basal=4-6

pH with food= ~2

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12
Q

At what pH is pepsinogen rapidly activated

A

<3

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13
Q

What do goblet cells produce and why is it important

A

Produces= mucus

Fxns= provides constant layer of mucus that protects stomach cells from the very acidic luminal content

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14
Q

Where are the gastric “pacemaker” cells located and what do they do

A

Located= greater curvature of the stomach

Fxn= begins propulsion wave every 15-20 seconds that moves the gastric content back and forth to help breakdown food particles to small enough to fit through the pylorus

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15
Q

True or false gastric lipase plays a major role in digestion of TAGs

A

False, only released in small amounts and usually only plays a role in pancreatic insufficiency

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16
Q

What are clusters of glandular cells that produce digestive enzymes/fluids in the pancreas called

A

Acini

17
Q

What is another name for the pancreatic duct

A

Wirsung duct

18
Q

What is another name for the accessory duct of the pancreas

A

Duct of Santorini

19
Q

What is formed by the merger of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct

A

the ampulla of vater aka hepatopancreatic ampulla

20
Q

What surrounds and controls the flow of fluid out of the ampulla of Vater (aka hepatopancreatic ampulla)

A

Sphincter of Oddi

21
Q

What is the fxn of pancreatic juice

A
  • Buffers acidic chyme
  • Stops action of pepsin (by bring up the pH)
  • Contains many digestive enzymes
22
Q

What can cause acute pancreatitis

A
  • EtOH
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • Drugs
  • Autoimmune dz’s
23
Q

What are the 2 signs associated w/ acute pancreatitis and describe them

A

Cullen’s sign= Blood around the umbilicus flowing from the ligement of tres

Gray-turners sign=blood pooling in the retroperitoneal space

24
Q

Where is gastric inhibitory polypeptide (glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) released and what effect does it have

A

Released in the duodenum

in inhibits the gastric muscle decreasing peristalsis and slows gastric emptying

25
Q

What is the enterogastric reflex

A

receptors in the duodenum are stimulated in the presence of chyme that inhibits gastric peristalsis

26
Q

What is the gastroileal reflex

A

sensory and motor activity of the stomach send signals to the distal ileum early in the meal causing acceleration of movement through the ileocecal sphincter

27
Q

What is the enterogastric reflex

A

signals from the small and large intestine distention inhibit stomach motility and secretion to allow for more time to move contents forward

28
Q

What is the gastrocolic reflex

A

signals from excessive stomach activity (late meal) causes movement of feces in the colon to move forward into the rectum

A&P 2 Test 5 Digestive (5 decks)

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