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A&P 2 Test 5 Digestive > Small and Large Intestine > Flashcards

Small and Large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

Where does most digestion and absorption occur

A

the small intestine

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2
Q

Where does the small intestine begin and end

A

Begins: post pyloric sphincter

Ends: ileocecal sphincter

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3
Q

How do you differentiate between the duodenum and the jejunum

A

The ligament of Treitz, this is also the landmark to differentiate between the upper and lower GI tract

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4
Q

What is another name for the ligament of treitz

A

the suspensory ligament of the duodenum

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5
Q

What are Brunners glands are where are they located

A

glands that secrete alkaline mucous that neutralize gastric acid in chyme found in the small intestine submucosa

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6
Q

What are the deep crevices in the mucosal lining called

A

crypts of Lieberkühn

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7
Q

What do S cells produce, where are they found, what is the fxn of these cells

A

Produce: secretin

Located: in the duodenum

Fxn: pH sensing cells, when pH falls below 4.5 secretion is released and pancreatic bicarb increases and HCL production is decreased

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8
Q

What do I cells produce, where are they found, what is the fxn of these cells

A

Produce: cholecystokinin (CCK)

Located: in the duodenum

Fxn: slows gastric emptying and H secretion, stimulates pancreatic juice secretion, stimulates gallbladder contraction, promotes satiety

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9
Q

What are Paneth cells

A

cells in the the small intestine that secrete lysozymes and participate in phagocytosis as needed

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10
Q

What are pilicae circulares

A

permanent ridges in the small intestine that increase service area for absorption begin in the duodenum and end in the middle of the jejunum

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11
Q

What is the function of the large intestine

A
  • completes absorption
  • produces certain vitamins like K
  • forms feces
  • excretes solid waste from the body
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12
Q

What are the 4 major regions of the large intestine

A
  1. cecum
  2. colon
  3. rectum
  4. anal canal
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13
Q

What separates the ileum from cecum

A

ileocecal sphincter

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14
Q

What characterizes appendicitis and how is it treated

A
  • High fever, elevated WBC’s, begins w/ generalized umbilical pain that becomes localized in the RLQ
  • treated w/ surgery
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15
Q

What are the 4 major regions of the colon

A
  1. ascending
  2. transverse
  3. descending
  4. sigmoid
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16
Q

What is the hepatic flexure

A

where the ascending colon turns and becomes the transverse colon

17
Q

What is the splenic flexure

A

where the transverse colon turns and becomes the descending colon

18
Q

What anatomical landmark, identifies the the beginning and the end of the sigmoid colon

A

Begins=left iliac crest and then projects medially

Ends= at the rectum ~3rd sacral vertebra

19
Q

What is defined as the the terminal 1 inch of the rectum

A

the anal canal

20
Q

What anal sphincter is voluntary and which is involuntary

A

Voluntary= external sphincter

Involuntary=internal sphincter

21
Q

What are the anal columns

A

longitudinal folds in the anal canal

22
Q

What are the pectinate line and what do they demarcate

A

line that lies at the inferior portion of the anal columns

  • above the this line ie the upper 2/3rd of the anal canal that is only sensitive to stretch
  • below this line ie lower 1/3rd of the anal canal is sensitive to pain, temp and touch
23
Q

How do you identify internal vs external hemorrhoids

A

Internal= above pectinate lines

External=below pectinate lines

24
Q

What are teniae coli

A

portions of the external longitudinal layer of the muscularis layer of the large intestine that are thickened bands

25
Q

What are omental appendices and where are they found

A

small pouches of visceral fat attached teniae coli

26
Q

Define haustra

A

gatherings of the large intestine caused by the teniae coli, it is what gives the colon its pouched look

27
Q

True or false there are circular folds and villi in the large intestine

A

False

28
Q

What is responsible for the chemical digestion in the colon

A

bacteria

29
Q

What gases give odor to feces

A

indole, skatole, hydrogen sulfide

30
Q

When does chyme become feces

A

when enough water is absorbed to make chyme solid

31
Q

What are the 2 types of GI motility and can they occur at the same time

A
  1. Peristalsis= wavelike ripple that pushes the bolus forward
  2. Segmentation = mixing movement to mechanically break down food

These 2 movements can occur at the same time

32
Q

Describe the defecation reflex

A

distention of the rectum causes baroreceptors to signal the colon and anal colon to contract

A&P 2 Test 5 Digestive (5 decks)

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