Mouth and pharynx Flashcards
Define oral vestibule
the oral space completely bound by cheeks, gums, and buccal side of the teeth
Define oral cavity proper
space that extends from the lingual side of the teeth back to the fauces (arched opening at the back of the mouth leading to the pharynx)
What bones form the hard palate
palatine and maxillae bones
What 2 muscular folds run down the lateral sides of the soft palate
- Palatoglossal arch= more anterior fold that extends to the side of the base of the tongue
- Palatopharyngeal arch= posterior fold that extends to the side of the pharynx
What are the 3 tonsils in the oral pharyngeal cavity
- palatine tonsils
- lingual tonsils
- pharyngeal tonsils
What pair of tonsils are most commonly infected
palatine tonsils
What pair of tonsils are also known as adenoids
the pharyngeal tonsils
Name the 4 minor salivary glands
- labial
- buccal
- palatal
- lingual
Name the 3 major salivary glands and describe them
- parotid glands= inferior and anterior to masseter, secretes watery saliva into oral cavity via the parotid (Stenson’s) duct
- submandibular glands= floor of the mouth, ducts open on either side of the frenulum via the the submandibular (Wharton’s) duct
- sublingual glands= beneath the tongue just superior to the submandibular gland, the ducts are just lateral to the whartons ducts
Where is salivary amylase secreted from what activates it and deactivates it
Secreted by parotid and submandibular glands
Activated by Cl-
Deactivated by stomach acid
What is the role of saliva
medium for tasting
medium for dissolving foods
break down CHOs
contain bicarb and phosphate to buffer acidic enviroment of the mouth
What is Sjogren Syndrome
auto immune dz that attacks salivary and lacrimal glands causing xerostomia, keraconjuctivitis sicca (dry eyes), dry joints
What are sialagogues
drugs that promote salivation
What part of the autonomic nervous system promotes salivation
parasympathetic
What nerve fibers are responsible for sending impulses for salivation and what glads do they effect
- Facial (CN7) all 3 major salivary (parotid, sublingual, submandibular)
- Glossopharyngeal= parotid
- Trigeminal buccal= parotid
- Trigeminal lingual branch= sublingual and submandibular
Define ankyloglossia
tongue tied
Where is lingual lipase secreted and where is it activated
Secreted= Von Ebners (lingual) glands
Activated= stomach acid
What are the 4 types of papillae of the tongue, where are they found and what is there fxn
- Vallate (circumvallate)= 12 inverted V shaped rows at the back of the tongue that contain 100-300 taste buds each
- Fungiform= mushroom shaped, lay over the entire tongue, contain 5 taste buds
- Foliate= small trenches at the side of the tongue, most taste buds degenerate in childhood
- Filiform= thread like, over the entire surface of the tongue, no taste buds, have tactile receptors, and increase friction between the tongue and food
What are the 3 sections of the pharynx and their fxn
- nasopharynx= fxns only in respiration
- oropharynx= fxns in respiration and digestion
- hypo/laryngopharynx= fxns in respiration and digestion
What areas of the GI tract are composed of skeletal muscle
The muscles of mastication and swallowing and the external anal sphincter
Where does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm
the esophageal hiatus
Describe the muscularis of the esophagus
upper 1/3rd = skeletal
middle 1/3rd= skeletal transitioning to smooth
distal 1/3rd= smooth muscle
What fxn does the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus do
protects the esophagus from abrasion from food
Describe the 3 stages of deglutition
- The voluntary stage= tongue moves up and back, moving the bolus to the back of the oral cavity
- The pharyngeal stage= bolus enters the the oropharynx and stimulates the deglutition center which causes the soft palate and uvula to move, epiglottis to cover the larynx, and the upper esophageal sphincter to relax
- The esophageal stage =once the bolus enters esophagus peristalsis pushes the bolus downward and eventually the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes
