Mouth and pharynx

Question 1

Define oral vestibule

Answer 1

the oral space completely bound by cheeks, gums, and buccal side of the teeth

Question 2

Define oral cavity proper

Answer 2

space that extends from the lingual side of the teeth back to the fauces (arched opening at the back of the mouth leading to the pharynx)

Question 3

What bones form the hard palate

Answer 3

palatine and maxillae bones

Question 4

What 2 muscular folds run down the lateral sides of the soft palate

Answer 4

• Palatoglossal arch= more anterior fold that extends to the side of the base of the tongue
• Palatopharyngeal arch= posterior fold that extends to the side of the pharynx

Question 5

What are the 3 tonsils in the oral pharyngeal cavity

Answer 5

1. palatine tonsils
2. lingual tonsils
3. pharyngeal tonsils

Question 6

What pair of tonsils are most commonly infected

Answer 6

palatine tonsils

Question 7

What pair of tonsils are also known as adenoids

Answer 7

the pharyngeal tonsils

Question 8

Name the 4 minor salivary glands

Answer 8

1. labial
2. buccal
3. palatal
4. lingual

Question 9

Name the 3 major salivary glands and describe them

Answer 9

1. parotid glands= inferior and anterior to masseter, secretes watery saliva into oral cavity via the parotid (Stenson’s) duct
2. submandibular glands= floor of the mouth, ducts open on either side of the frenulum via the the submandibular (Wharton’s) duct
3. sublingual glands= beneath the tongue just superior to the submandibular gland, the ducts are just lateral to the whartons ducts

Question 10

Where is salivary amylase secreted from what activates it and deactivates it

Answer 10

Secreted by parotid and submandibular glands

Activated by Cl-

Deactivated by stomach acid

Question 11

What is the role of saliva

Answer 11

medium for tasting

medium for dissolving foods

break down CHOs

contain bicarb and phosphate to buffer acidic enviroment of the mouth

Question 12

What is Sjogren Syndrome

Answer 12

auto immune dz that attacks salivary and lacrimal glands causing xerostomia, keraconjuctivitis sicca (dry eyes), dry joints

Question 13

What are sialagogues

Answer 13

drugs that promote salivation

Question 14

What part of the autonomic nervous system promotes salivation

Answer 14

parasympathetic

Question 15

What nerve fibers are responsible for sending impulses for salivation and what glads do they effect

Answer 15

• Facial (CN7) all 3 major salivary (parotid, sublingual, submandibular)
• Glossopharyngeal= parotid
• Trigeminal buccal= parotid
• Trigeminal lingual branch= sublingual and submandibular

Question 16

Define ankyloglossia

Answer 16

tongue tied

Question 17

Where is lingual lipase secreted and where is it activated

Answer 17

Secreted= Von Ebners (lingual) glands

Activated= stomach acid

Question 18

What are the 4 types of papillae of the tongue, where are they found and what is there fxn

Answer 18

1. Vallate (circumvallate)= 12 inverted V shaped rows at the back of the tongue that contain 100-300 taste buds each
2. Fungiform= mushroom shaped, lay over the entire tongue, contain 5 taste buds
3. Foliate= small trenches at the side of the tongue, most taste buds degenerate in childhood
4. Filiform= thread like, over the entire surface of the tongue, no taste buds, have tactile receptors, and increase friction between the tongue and food

Question 19

What are the 3 sections of the pharynx and their fxn

Answer 19

1. nasopharynx= fxns only in respiration
2. oropharynx= fxns in respiration and digestion
3. hypo/laryngopharynx= fxns in respiration and digestion

Question 20

What areas of the GI tract are composed of skeletal muscle

Answer 20

The muscles of mastication and swallowing and the external anal sphincter

Question 21

Where does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm

Answer 21

the esophageal hiatus

Question 22

Describe the muscularis of the esophagus

Answer 22

upper 1/3rd = skeletal

middle 1/3rd= skeletal transitioning to smooth

distal 1/3rd= smooth muscle

Question 23

What fxn does the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus do

Answer 23

protects the esophagus from abrasion from food

Question 24

Describe the 3 stages of deglutition

Answer 24

1. The voluntary stage= tongue moves up and back, moving the bolus to the back of the oral cavity
2. The pharyngeal stage= bolus enters the the oropharynx and stimulates the deglutition center which causes the soft palate and uvula to move, epiglottis to cover the larynx, and the upper esophageal sphincter to relax
3. The esophageal stage =once the bolus enters esophagus peristalsis pushes the bolus downward and eventually the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes