Stomach Flashcards
where is the abdomen?
body cavity between diaphragm and pelvic inlet
what is the first section of the abdomen?
right hypochondrium
what is the second section of the abdomen?
epigastric
what is the third section of the abdomen?
left hypochondrium
what is the fourth section of the abdomen?
right lumbar
what is the fifth section of the abdomen?
umbilical
what is the sixth section of the abdomen
left lumbar
what is the seventh section of the abdomen?
right iliac fossa
what is the eighth section of the abdomen?
suprapubic (hypogastrium)
what is the ninth section of the abdomen?
left iliac fossa
what section of the abdomen is the stomach found in?
left hypochondrium/epigastric region
where is the superior section of the stomach?
lower ribs/diaphragm
where is the inferior section of the stomach?
diaphragm, spleen, left kidney, adrenal gland and pancreas
what are the four sections of the stomach?
cardia, fundus, body and pylorus
what does the fundus do?
collects air when breathing and eating
what does the pyloric sphincter do?
controls secretions coming into and out of stomach, if thickened it causes vomiting
what is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach?
fat which adds protection
where is the greater curvature of the stomach?
the outer part
where is the lesser curvature of the stomach?
on the inner part
what is the greater omentum attached to?
the greater curvature
what is the muscle structure of the stomach?
inner circular and outer longitudinal and oblique middle
what is the advantage of having 3 layers of muscle in the stomach?
it helps break down food
what are the functions of the stomach?
stores swallowed food, retention of food, mixing of gastric juice, chemical and mechanical functions, limited absorption except alcohol which is absorbed quickly
what type of cells protect the lining of the stomach from hydrochloric acid?
mucous cells
where are mucous secreting cells?
luminal surface and gastric pits
what do mucous secreting cells secrete?
alkaline
what do parietal cells secrete?
HCL and intrinsic factor
what do cheif cells secrete
pepsinogen
what do endocrine cells secrete?
gastrin
what does pepsinogen break down?
pepsin by HCL
what does gastrin do?
causes contraction of gut muscle
what are parietal cells stimulated by?
food and fluid
what do mucous neck cells do?
help secrete the lining
how do parietal cells appear histologically?
pink because they contain carbonic anhydrase
what veins come off the portal vein?
right and left gastric veins
what veins come off the superior mesenteric vein?
the splenic vein which leads to the short gastric veins and the left and right gastroepiploic
what are oesophageal varices?
dilated blood vessels because of back pressure in the liver
what do oesophageal veins stem from?
superior vena cava
comment on the portal pressure when oesophageal varices is present
it is greater than inferior vena cava pressure
why is the duodenum reconnected in gastric by-pass surgery?
to reduce bile and pancreatic juice
