Liver and Pancreas Flashcards
what does the endocrine portion of the pancreas secrete
hormones, insulin, glucagon and somatostatin by the Islets of Langerhans
what does the exocrine portion of the pancreas secrete?
digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions
what portion of the pancreas is larger?
the exocrine portion
what enzymes are secreted from the pancreas and where do they come from?
amylase, lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, nucleases and they come from the acinus
where does bicarbonate come from and what does it do?
comes from the ducts and it neutralises gastric acid
what does lipase do?
digest fat
what does trypsin do?
digest proteins
what are the 4 parts of the pancreas?
head, neck, body and tail
what does the islets of langerhans secrete?
glucagon, insulin and somatostatin
what does glucagon do?
release glucose from stores
what does somatostatin do?
slows gut motility down and reduces contraction of muscle
what portion of the pancreas is affected in cystic fibrosis?
the exocrine portion
what happens to the body secretions in cystic fibrosis?
they are abnormally thick
what happens as a result of the exocrine portion of the pancreas being damaged during cystic fibrosis?
reduced digestive function, malabsorption and steatorrhea
what portion of the pancreas does pancreatic cancer affect and how?
head and neck of pancreas and biliary obstruction (blocking the ducts)
what happens as a result of pancreatic cancer?
obstructive jaundice and early metastasis (cancer spreading)
what causes jaundice?
back flow of bile leaking into skin and blood vessels
how can cystic fibrosis affect the mouth?
blocked salivary glands causing xerostomia
what are the functions of the liver?
metabolism, protein synthesis, inactivation of hormones and drugs, excretion of waste, bile production
how is the liver involved in metabolism?
material absorbed from GIT, storage of glycogen and release of glucose
name the 4 lobes of the liver
right lobe, left lobe, quadrate lobe and cuadate lobe
where does the cuadate lobe of the liver sit
on the superior surface
where does the quadrate lobe of the liver sit
inferior to the cuadate lobe
what dos the ductus venous do?
takes blood and helps bypass blood from the liver to the heart when in the uterus
what are hepatocytes?
liver cells which produce bile
what does bile contain?
lipid emulsifiers (bile salts) and waste products including bile pigments (bilirubin)
where is bile stored
the gall bladder
what does the hepatic portal vein drain?
unpaired abdominal organs (i.e. everything except the kidneys)
what are the 2 sources of blood supply to the liver?
hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein
what are sinusoids
large capillaries in the liver
what do sinusoids drain to?
the hepatic vein
in relation to blood flow, what direction does bile flow in?
the opposite direction
what is included in the portal triad?
the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile canaliculus
what happens during hepatomegaly?
the liver gets bigger
what happens during cirrhosis?
the liver shrinks
name some liver diseases
hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, obstructive jaundice, hepatic carcinoma
