Alimentary Overview Flashcards
what is digestion
function to process food
what is absorption
transfer of nutrients
what makes up the alimentary system?
oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
what is the structure of the gastrointestinal system histology
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, adventitia
what are the parts of the mucosa?
epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
what are the parts of the muscularis propria
inner circular, outer longitudinal
what happens with barretts oesophagus
metaplasia, changes in the columnar epithelium, due to G.O.R.D risk of dysplasia and cancer
what are the functions of the GI system histology
protective, secretory, absorptive
what happens with coeliac disease
villous atrophy, hyperplastic crypts, increase in inflammatory cells
what are the 5 alimentary activities?
secretion, digestion, motility, absorption, excretion
what aids motility
mouth (chewing, swallowing), stomach (churning), intestine (peristalsis), mass movements/defecation
what are the general sensory functions of the mouth
nociception, mechanoreception, thermoreception
what is the special sensory function of the mouth
gustation
what are the motor functions of the mouth?
feeding (transport, breakdown, swallowing) and communication
what are the other functions of the mouth?
salivation (protect, lubricate, digestion) , lymphoid tissue (tonsils) and reflexes (swallowing, vomiting, gagging)
what is the anterior boundary of the mouth?
lips
what is the lateral boundary of the mouth?
cheeks
what is the inferior boundary of the mouth?
mylohyoid, tongue
what is the superior boundary of the mouth?
palate
what is the posterior boundary of the mouth?
fauces (pillars)
what are the jaw muscles concerning the mouth?
temporalis and masseter
what is the facial muscle concerning the mouth
orbicularis oris
apart from the temporalis, masseter and orbicularis oris what is the final muscle concerning the mouth?
buccinator
what are the major salivary glands and their secretions
parotid (serous), submandibular (seromucinous), sublingual (mucinous)
what are the exocrine secretions in the mouth?
salt and water, mucous, amylase
what clinical problems can occur with salivary glands
mumps, sialolithiasis, sialodenitis, tumours
