Stomach

Question 1

What are the functions of the stomach?

Answer 1

Continue digestion of carbs
Storage (primary fxn)
Some nutrient breakdown

Question 2

What is the surface epithelium of the mucosa of the stomach?

Answer 2

Simple Columnar

Question 3

What are the cells in the surface epithelium of the mucosa of the stomach?

Answer 3

Surface Mucous Cells

Regenerative Cells

Question 4

What is the function of the surface mucous cells of the surface epithelium?

Answer 4

Produce thick visible mucus

Secrete bicarbonate ions

Question 5

Where are the regenerative cells located?

Answer 5

Bases of Pits

Question 6

What kind of tissue is found at the lamina propria of the mucosa of the stomach?

Answer 6

Loose, Vascular CT (small amounts)

Question 7

The muscularis mucosae of the stomach is a smooth muscle layer that is often arranged in what 3 layers?

Answer 7

Inner Circular
Outer Longitudinal
Outermost Circular/Oblique

Question 8

The submucosa of the stomach is highly?

Answer 8

Vascular

Question 9

What is located in the submucosa?

Answer 9

AVA

Submucosal Plexus

Question 10

What is the function of the AVA?

Answer 10

Shut down activity and secretion FAST

Question 11

What is the function of the submucosal plexus?

Answer 11

Influence mucosa

Question 12

How many layers of ME is possible in the stomach?

Answer 12

3

Question 13

What are the possible 3 layers of the ME in the stomach?

Answer 13

Innermost oblique
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal

Question 14

Gastric histology is based on what 3 regions of the stomach?

Answer 14

Cardiac
Gastric
Pyloric

Question 15

What region of the stomach has shorter pits which lead to cardiac glands with a coiled base?

Answer 15

Cardiac Region

Question 16

What cells are located in the cardiac region of the stomach?

Answer 16

Surface Mucous
Neck Mucous
Few DNES
Parietal Cells

Question 17

Are chief cells located in the cardiac region of the stomach?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

What are the 3 regions of the gastric glands?

Answer 18

Isthmus
Neck
Base

Question 19

What cells are located in the isthmus of the gastric gland?

Answer 19

Surface Mucous

DNES Cells

Question 20

What is the function of the surface mucous cells?

Answer 20

Protect mucosa from auto-digestion and rougher components of chyme

Question 21

DNES cells are also called?

Answer 21

Enteroendocrine Cells

Question 22

What are the examples of DNES cells in the stomach?

Answer 22

Type D, EC, G

Question 23

What type of DNES cell produces somatostatin and also inhibits release of hormones by nearby DNES cells and HCL release?

Answer 23

Type D

Question 24

What type of DNES cell produces serotonin and substance P and also increases gut motility?

Answer 24

Type EC

Question 25

What type of DNES cell produces gastrin, stimulates HCL and pepsinogen secretion, gastric motility and regenerative cells in the body of the stomach?

Answer 25

Type G

Question 26

What are the cells found in the neck?

Answer 26

Neck Mucous Cells Regenerative Cells Parietal Cells DNES Cells

Question 27

Neck mucous cells produce a soluble, less alkaline mucus whose function is to?

Answer 27

Lubricate Gastric Contents

Question 28

Regenerative cells replace what cells types?

Answer 28

All

Question 29

Parietal cells are odd columnar cells with?

Answer 29

Intracellular Canaliculi

Question 30

Parietal cells produce very strong what that is made of .8pH and buffered immediately to 1-2 pH?

Answer 30

HCL

Question 31

What is the function of parietal cells in the neck of the stomach?

Answer 31

Necessary for Vit B12 absorption

Question 32

Low number of parietal cells can lead to low amounts of what, which will decrease bit B12 absorption which is necessary for RBC maturation?

Answer 32

Intrinsic Factor

Question 33

What cells are found in the base of the stomach?

Answer 33

Chief Cells Parietal Cells DNES Cells

Question 34

Chief cells live 60-90 days and produce primarily what?

Answer 34

Pepsinogen

Question 35

Pepsinogen wil break down?

Answer 35

Proteins

Question 36

Gastric lipase is also produced by chief cells to break down?

Answer 36

Fats

Question 37

The pyloric region has deeper pits that are very twisted and branched?

Answer 37

Pyloric Glands

Question 38

What cells are located in the pyloric region?

Answer 38

Surface Mucous Cells DNES Cells Parietal Cells Neck Mucous Cells

Question 39

What is the anatomical sphincter between the pylorus of the stomach and duodenum?

Answer 39

Pyloric Sphincter

Question 40

What are the characteristics of an anatomical sphincter?

Answer 40

Well developed inner circular layer of muscle in ME | Inner circular layer in ME can be independently controlled