Stomach Flashcards
What are the functions of the stomach?
Continue digestion of carbs
Storage (primary fxn)
Some nutrient breakdown
What is the surface epithelium of the mucosa of the stomach?
Simple Columnar
What are the cells in the surface epithelium of the mucosa of the stomach?
Surface Mucous Cells
Regenerative Cells
What is the function of the surface mucous cells of the surface epithelium?
Produce thick visible mucus
Secrete bicarbonate ions
Where are the regenerative cells located?
Bases of Pits
What kind of tissue is found at the lamina propria of the mucosa of the stomach?
Loose, Vascular CT (small amounts)
The muscularis mucosae of the stomach is a smooth muscle layer that is often arranged in what 3 layers?
Inner Circular
Outer Longitudinal
Outermost Circular/Oblique
The submucosa of the stomach is highly?
Vascular
What is located in the submucosa?
AVA
Submucosal Plexus
What is the function of the AVA?
Shut down activity and secretion FAST
What is the function of the submucosal plexus?
Influence mucosa
How many layers of ME is possible in the stomach?
3
What are the possible 3 layers of the ME in the stomach?
Innermost oblique
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal
Gastric histology is based on what 3 regions of the stomach?
Cardiac
Gastric
Pyloric
What region of the stomach has shorter pits which lead to cardiac glands with a coiled base?
Cardiac Region
What cells are located in the cardiac region of the stomach?
Surface Mucous
Neck Mucous
Few DNES
Parietal Cells
Are chief cells located in the cardiac region of the stomach?
No
What are the 3 regions of the gastric glands?
Isthmus
Neck
Base
What cells are located in the isthmus of the gastric gland?
Surface Mucous
DNES Cells
What is the function of the surface mucous cells?
Protect mucosa from auto-digestion and rougher components of chyme
DNES cells are also called?
Enteroendocrine Cells
What are the examples of DNES cells in the stomach?
Type D, EC, G
What type of DNES cell produces somatostatin and also inhibits release of hormones by nearby DNES cells and HCL release?
Type D
What type of DNES cell produces serotonin and substance P and also increases gut motility?
Type EC
What type of DNES cell produces gastrin, stimulates HCL and pepsinogen secretion, gastric motility and regenerative cells in the body of the stomach?
Type G
What are the cells found in the neck?
Neck Mucous Cells
Regenerative Cells
Parietal Cells
DNES Cells
Neck mucous cells produce a soluble, less alkaline mucus whose function is to?
Lubricate Gastric Contents
Regenerative cells replace what cells types?
All
Parietal cells are odd columnar cells with?
Intracellular Canaliculi
Parietal cells produce very strong what that is made of .8pH and buffered immediately to 1-2 pH?
HCL
What is the function of parietal cells in the neck of the stomach?
Necessary for Vit B12 absorption
Low number of parietal cells can lead to low amounts of what, which will decrease bit B12 absorption which is necessary for RBC maturation?
Intrinsic Factor
What cells are found in the base of the stomach?
Chief Cells
Parietal Cells
DNES Cells
Chief cells live 60-90 days and produce primarily what?
Pepsinogen
Pepsinogen wil break down?
Proteins
Gastric lipase is also produced by chief cells to break down?
Fats
The pyloric region has deeper pits that are very twisted and branched?
Pyloric Glands
What cells are located in the pyloric region?
Surface Mucous Cells
DNES Cells
Parietal Cells
Neck Mucous Cells
What is the anatomical sphincter between the pylorus of the stomach and duodenum?
Pyloric Sphincter
What are the characteristics of an anatomical sphincter?
Well developed inner circular layer of muscle in ME
Inner circular layer in ME can be independently controlled
