Small Intestines

Question 1

What are the general functions of the small intestines?

Answer 1

Digestion
Absorb Nutrients
Produce Intestinal Hormones using DNES cells

Question 2

What are the 3 surface adaptations to increase surface area by a factor of 400+?

Answer 2

Plicae Circulares
Villi
Microvilli

Question 3

What are permanent folds affecting the mucosa and submucosa and are also found together throughout the duodenum, jejunum and proximal ileum?

Answer 3

Plicae Circulares

Question 4

What surface adaptation is found on the luminal cell surface?

Answer 4

Microvilli

Question 5

What is the surface epithelium for the mucosa of the small intestine?

Answer 5

Simple Columnar

Question 6

What are the cell types found in the surface epithelium of the small intestine?

Answer 6

Surface Absorptive Cells
Goblet Cells
DNES Cells
Regenerative Cells
Paneth Cells
M Cells

Question 7

What is another name for surface absorptive cells?

Answer 7

Enterocytes

Question 8

What are the main functions of the surface absorptive cells?

Answer 8

Absorb Water and Nutrients

Terminal DIgestion in Glycocalyx

Question 9

Which cell is found least in the duodenum but mostly in the ileum?

Answer 9

Goblet Cells

Question 10

Type I DNES cells produce what that will stimulate gallbladder contraction and pancreatic secretion of enzymes from serous acini?

Answer 10

CCK

Question 11

Type K DNES cells produce GIP which inhibits?

Answer 11

HCL release

Question 12

Type S DNES cells produce what that stimulates pancreas secretion of bicarbonate from the pancreatic ducts. It will also inhibit HCL release and the movement of chyme into small intestines?

Answer 12

Secretin

Question 13

How long do paneth cells live?

Answer 13

About 20 days

Question 14

What is the location of paneth cells?

Answer 14

Crypts (intestinal glands)

Question 15

What is the function of paneth cells?

Answer 15

Lysozymes

Question 16

What is the location of M cells?

Answer 16

Ileum epithelium over peyers patches

Question 17

What cells contain large intracellular pockets that are fairly open to the lamina propria?

Answer 17

M cells

Question 18

M cells sample foreign antigens in gut lumen and transfer antigens to lymphocytes and dendritic cells that have entered the?

Answer 18

M cell pockets

Question 19

What is the function of M cells?

Answer 19

Promote Humoral Immunity

Question 20

M cells are important in maintaining appropriate?

Answer 20

Gut Flora

Question 21

What tissue is the lamina propria of the small intestine made of?

Answer 21

Loose Areolar CT

Question 22

The lamina propria is found where?

Answer 22

Villus Core

Question 23

What are lacteals?

Answer 23

Lymphatic Capillaries

Question 24

What is the function of lacteals?

Answer 24

Lipid Absorption

Question 25

What layer of the small intestine has vascular components and some longitudinal smooth muscle?

Answer 25

Lamina Propria

Question 26

Is the muscularis mucosa present in the mucosa of the small intestine?

Answer 26

Yes but it's thin

Question 27

What layer of the small intestine is very vascular and made of dense fibroelastic CT?

Answer 27

Submucosa

Question 28

What are the seromucus glands found in the duodenum?

Answer 28

Duodenal (Brunner) Glands

Question 29

What do brunner glands secrete?

Answer 29

Alkaline mucus which neutralizes chyme | Urogastrone

Question 30

Urogastrone will inhibit HCL secretion as well as increase?

Answer 30

Mitosis of epithelial cells

Question 31

Are there any significant structures in the jejunum?

Answer 31

No

Question 32

What is the location of Peyer's Patches?

Answer 32

Ileum

Question 33

Peyer's Patches are groups of regularly occurring?

Answer 33

Large Lymph Nodules

Question 34

The submucosal plexus have what type of innervation?

Answer 34

Parasympathetic

Question 35

The myenteric plexus stimulates the ME for?

Answer 35

Peristalsis

Question 36

Serosa is found where?

Answer 36

All jejunum and ileum

Question 37

Adventitia is found where?

Answer 37

Vertical Portion of Duodenum

Question 38

What valve is found between ileum and cecum of the colon?

Answer 38

Ileocecal Valve

Question 39

Is the ileocecal valve a physiological or anatomical sphincter?

Answer 39

Both

Question 40

What is a blind pouch on the R that extends from the cecum?

Answer 40

Appendix

Question 41

What is the surface epithelium of the mucosa for the appendix?

Answer 41

Simple Columnar

Question 42

The surface epithelium of the mucosa has what cells?

Answer 42

Surface Absorptive Cells Goblet Cells Regenerative Cells DNES Cells

Question 43

Is there a lamina propria for the appendix?

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

Is the muscularis mucosa well developed in the appendix?

Answer 44

No

Question 45

What are other characteristics about the appendix

Answer 45

Short Crypts No Villi No to infrequent Paneth Cells

Question 46

The submucosa of the appendix is a thick layer with large?

Answer 46

Blood Vessels

Question 47

The submucosa has numerous?

Answer 47

Lymph Nodules

Question 48

What is the function of the appendix?

Answer 48

Humoral Immunity | Reservior for Good Bacteria