STOMACH Flashcards
where does it extend between
t7-l3
where is the angular incisure?
indicates the junction between the body and pyloric region in the lesser curvature
where are rugae? where do they become more prominent?
when the stomach is empty, the mucosa is arranged in rugae which are more prominent towards the pyloric end.
what is the gastric canal? what is it’s function?
during swallowing rugae make a temporary ridge along the lesser curvature known as the gastric canal which allows masticated food and fluid to drain into it
what are the 2 spincters of the stomach and where are they located?
1.) lower oesophageal sphincter is immeadiately superior to the z line/ it is a physiological sphincter between the oesophagus and the stomach which doesnt have any muscle, instead a number of forces act.
the right crus of the diaphragm exerts pressure on the wall, the angle of entry into the stomach and the positive abdominal vs thoracis pressure
2.) pyloric sphincter - between pylorus and duodenum which controls exit of chyme from the stomach. it is an anatomical sphincter which contains smooth muscle and thickens to control the discharge of contents through the orifice.
what are the greater and lesser omenta made of?
peritoneum folded over itself
blood supply to the lesser curvature?
the left gastric artery from the coeliac trunk and the right gastric artery from the common hepatic from the coeliac trunk
blood supply to the greater curvature
the left gastro omental artery from the splenic from the coeliac trunk
the right gastro omental artery from the gastroduodenal from the common hepatic from the coeliac trunk
venous drainage
right and left gastric veins drain into the hepatic portal vein
right and left gastro omental veins drain into the superior mesenterc vein which joins with the splenic behind the head of the pancreas to form the hepatic portal vein
what is a hiatus hernia?
when part of the stomach protrudes into the chest through the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
what is the difference between a sliding and a rolling hiatus hernia?
sliding is where the lower oesophageal sphincter slides superiorly which can increase the amount of gastric reflux as the diaphragm is no longer reinforcing the sphincter
rolling hiatus hernia is where the lower oesophageal sphinter remains in place but part of the stomach herniates into the chest next to it
what are the three histologically distinct zones of the gastric mucosa?
cardia - neck cells - mucous and HCO3
Fundus and body - Neck cells, parietal cells (acid), cheif cells (pepsinogen)
pylorus - neck cells and g cells (gastrin)
what two complications can gastritis cause
atrophy and epithelial metaplasia
