LIVER

Question 1

What is conveyed to the liver?

Answer 1

all nutrients except fat

Question 2

where is the liver?

Answer 2

lies mainly in the upper right quadrant

Question 3

what is the liver protected by?

Answer 3

the ribcage and the diaphragm deep to ribs seven to eleven

Question 4

why is it located more inferiorly while standing?

Answer 4

moves with the excursions of the diaphragm and is pulled down by gravity

Question 5

explain the surfaces of the liver

Answer 5

has a concave visceral surface which is posterior and inferior and a convex diaphragmatic surface which is anterior and superior

Question 6

what is the lower border like?

Answer 6

sharp lower border which follows the right costal margin inferior to the diaphragm

Question 7

where is the subphrenic recess and how is it relevant?

Answer 7

superior extension of the peritoneal cavity which extends between the diaphragm and anterior and superior aspects of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver

Question 8

what is the subphrenic recess seperated by?

Answer 8

falciform ligament

Question 9

where is the subhepatic space?

Answer 9

portion of the supracolic compartment immeadiately under the liver

Question 10

where is Morrison’s pouch?

Answer 10

posterosuperior extension of the subhepatic space which lies between the right part of the visceral surface of the liver and the right kidney and adrenal gland

Question 11

where is the round ligament

Answer 11

contained within the falciform ligament which is the embryonic derivative of the umbilical vein

Question 12

where is the bare area?

Answer 12

the diaphragmatic surface is covered with visceral peritoneum except at the bare area at the back which is in direct contact with the diaphragm
it is marked out by reflections of peritoneum to it as the anterior and posterior layers of the coronary ligamen

Question 13

what are the ligaments of the liver?

Answer 13

near the apex, the layers meet on the left to form the left triangular
the layers meet on the right to form the right triangular ligament
the layers diverge on the left to enclose the triangular bare area

Question 14

which two parts of the visceral surface of the liver is there no peritoneum?

Answer 14

fossa for gallbladder and porta hepatis

Question 15

what is the right umbilical fissure made from?

Answer 15

anteriorly, fossa for gallbladder and posteriorly, IVC

Question 16

what is the left umbilical fissure made from?

Answer 16

anteriorly, the round ligament and posteriorly the ligamentum venosum

Question 17

what supplies most of the liver

Answer 17

the portal hepatic vein

Question 18

how does this blood supply work?

Answer 18

hepatic portal blood contains about 40% more o2 than blood returning to the lungs from the systemic circuit so it can sustain the liver parenchyma

Question 19

where does the blood from the hepatic artery go?

Answer 19

mainly used to support non parenchymal structures such as the intrahepatic bile ducts.

Question 20

what is the HPV made of and where does it become this?

Answer 20

made of the splenic and the superior mesenteric veins that join behind the head of the pancreas to form the portal

Question 21

how does the HPV get to the IVC?

Answer 21

ascends the IVC as part of the portal triad in the hepatoduodenal ligamnt

Question 22

describe the venous drainage

Answer 22

central-collecting-hepatic-IVC

Question 23

what makes the horizontal fissure on the visceral surface of the liver?

Answer 23

the porta hepatic and the continuation of the round ligament