STOMACH

Question 1

Stomach

Answer 1

• a muscular sac in upper left abdominal cavity immediately inferior to the diaphragm
• primarily functions as a food storage organ
• internal volume of about 50 mL when empty
• 1.0 to 1.5 L after a typical meal
• up to 4 L when extremely full and extend nearly as far as the pelvis

Question 2

Anatomy of stomach

Answer 2

Question 3

Innervation of the stomach

Answer 3

Parasympathetic fibers from vagus

Sympathetic fibers from celiac ganglia

Question 4

Blood supply to the stomach

Answer 4

branches of the celiac trunk

Question 5

Blood drained from stomach and intestines enters

Answer 5

hepatic portal circulation

filtered through liver before returning to heart

Question 6

Histology of the stomach

Answer 6

Question 7

Mucous cells

Answer 7

secrete mucus

predominate in cardiac and pyloric glands

Question 8

Regenerative (stem) cells

Answer 8

found in the base of the pit and in the neck of the gland

divide rapidly and produce a continual supply of new cells to replace cells that die

Question 9

Parietal cells

Answer 9

found mostly in the upper half of the gland

secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), and a hunger hormone called ghrelin

Question 10

Chief cells

Answer 10

most numerous

secrete gastric lipase and pepsinogen

dominate lower half of gastric glands

Question 11

Enteroendocrine (G) cells

Answer 11

concentrated in lower end of gland

secrete hormones and paracrine messengers that regulate digestion

secrete gastrin (accelerates protein digestion)

Question 12

Histology of gastric pit

Answer 12