PATHOLOGY OF GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

Question 1

Gallstones

Answer 1

may form if bile becomes excessively concentrated

hard masses in either the gallbladder or bile ducts

composed of cholesterol, calcium carbonate, and bilirubin

Question 2

Cholelithiasis

Answer 2

formation of gallstones

most common in obese women over 40 due to excess cholesterol

Question 3

Diarrhea

Answer 3

occurs when large intestine absorbs too little water

feces pass through too quickly if intestine is irritated

Question 4

Constipation

Answer 4

occurs when fecal movement is slow, too much water gets reabsorbed, and feces become hardened

Question 5

Hemorrhoids

Answer 5

permanently distended veins that protrude into the anal canal or form bulges external to the anus

Question 6

Peptic Ulcer

Answer 6

gastritis, inflammation of the stomach, can lead to a peptic ulcer as pepsin and hydrochloric acid erode the stomach wall

most ulcers are caused by acid-resistant bacteria Helicobacter pylori, that can be treated with antibiotics and Pepto-Bismol

Question 7

Appendicitis

Answer 7

• inflammation of the appendix, a narrow tube attached to the base of the cecum
• blockage inside of the appendix
• main symptom is pain on the lower right side of the abdomen that gets worse over time
• appendix can burst and spread infection into the abdomen

Question 8

Diverticulosis

Answer 8

• mall pouches form in the wall of the large intestine
• if feces get trapped in the pouches and bacteria grow, inflammation and infection result
• causes abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and constipation

Question 9

Stomach cancer

Answer 9

• an abnormal growth of cells that begins in the stomach
• begin in the inner lining of the stomach
• stomach cancer forms when there’s a genetic mutation (change) in the DNA of your stomach cells