STOICHIOMETRY Flashcards
is a complex mixture of compounds, predominantly containing hydrocarbons
Gasoline
Compounds whose carbon atoms are linked together by single bonds
Alkanes
Molecules containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
Hydrocarbons
Alkanes have the general formula ________,
where n is an integer
CnH(2n+2)
Two or more structures with the same chemical formula
Isomers
of octane with excess oxygen produces carbon dioxide and water
Complete combustion
with limited oxygen produces carbon monoxide and water
Incomplete combustion
Complete and incomplete combustion both occur with the relative amounts of each determined by:
- Ratio of fuel to oxygen
- Engine temperature
- Engine tuning
A term used to describe quantitative relationships in chemistry
Stoichiometry
The reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction
* Limits the quantity of product produced
Limiting reactant
The maximum mass of a product that can be obtained in a reaction is determined by the limiting reactant
Theoretical Yield
Used to determine which reactant is the limiting reactant
Theoretical Yield
Many factors determine the amount of desired product actually produced in a reaction
- Temperature of the reaction
- Possibility of side reactions
- Further reaction of the product
- Time
Calculated by comparing the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield
Percentage yield
Ideal amount of product formed under perfect or ideal conditions
Theoretical yield
A common laboratory technique that requires understanding solution stoichiometry
Titration
A dye used during titration that changes color to indicate when the reaction is complete
Indicator
Added to gasoline to improve engine performance, reduce undesirable engine emissions, and reduce dependence on imported petroleum products
Fuel additives
Additives improve engine performance by improving the
octane rating
A higher octane rating delivers better performance and has lower unwanted
knocking
occurs if the fuel mixture in a cylinder ignites prematurely
Knocking
