Atoms and Molecules Flashcards
Protons and neutrons are nearly ______ times more massive than electrons
2000
Free movement allows metals to conduct electricity
Metallic Bonding
occupy the upper right-hand portion of the periodic table
Nonmetals
The density of the small white dots is related to the
probability of finding an electron at a particular location
Percentages describing the relative amounts of each isotope
Isotopic abundances
Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons are called
isotopes
can measure the masses of atoms, isotopes, and molecules
Mass Spectrometer
Derived from a single atom
Monatomic ion
Enables formation of long chains in all polymers
Covalent Bonding
is the atomic number
Subscript Z
Have chemical properties intermediate of metals and nonmetals
Metalloids or semimetals
identifies an element
Atomic Number
conduct electricity and tend to form cations
Metals
Names and symbols of some common elements whose symbols are not related to their English names:
Gold Au (aurum) Iron Fe (ferrum) Lead Pb (plumbum) Mercury Hg (hydrargyrum) Silver Ag (argentum) Sodium Na (natrium)
Matter is made of small particles called
Atom or Molecule
smaller molecules linked together in polymers
Monomers
tell the relative ratio between the numbers of atoms of the different elements present in a molecule
Empirical formulas
The nucleus is surrounded by a
cloud of electrons
are shiny, malleable, and ductile
Metals
Atoms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons in their nucleus
Isotopes
formed when the number of protons is not equal to the number of electrons in an atom
Ions
Bonding in which electrons are shared between pairs of atoms rather than donated from one atom to another
Covalent
are not shiny, malleable, or ductile
Nonmetals
The number of protons in an atom of a given element is the same as the
atomic number
Sum of the number of protons and number of neutrons in a nucleus
Mass number
describe a compound in terms of the elements the compound contains
Chemical Formulas
Bonding in which the nuclei and some fraction of their electrons comprise a positively charged “core” localized at lattice points in an extended array, and other electrons move more or less freely throughout the whole array
Metallic
anything that has mass and occupies space
Matter
a constant called the permittivity of a vacuum
ε0
Water molecules associated with certain compounds called
hydrates
is the mass number
Superscript A
indicate the elements and number of atoms of each element actually contained in a discrete unit of a compound
Molecular formulas
information regarding atomic structure that is written in scientific shorthand
Atomic Symbols
states that the force between ions is proportional to the product of the ion charges divided by distance squared
Coulombs’law
are predominant or exclusive constituents of most of the molecules that make up the human body
Nonmetals
Horizontal rows on the periodic table
Periods
Atoms have a __________, which contains protons and neutrons
nucleus
Polymers used in everyday objects
- Polyethylene
- Poly(vinyl chloride), PVC
- Polyacetylene
All atoms of an element have the same number of
protons
measures accurately the number of particles with a given mass
Mass Spectrometer
Vertical columns on the periodic table
Groups
mass (amu) of neutron
1.009
do not conduct electricity and tend to form anions
Nonmetals
Common names of specific groups
- Group 1 - Alkali metals
- Group 2 - Alkaline earth metals
- Group 17 - Halogens
- Group 18 - Noble gases/rare gases
Number of protons in a particular atom
Atomic Number
Ions with more electrons than protons are called
anions
Emphasizes proton, neutron, and electron distribution; does not accurately depict current accepted model of atomic structure
Solar system depiction of atomic structure
Protons are _______, electrons are ____________, and neutrons are _________
positively charged
negatively charged
neutral
Are clustered along a diagonal path in the periodic table between the metals and nonmetals
Metalloids or semimetals
1 atomic mass unit or amu
1.6605 x 10^-24 g
are generally located toward the left and bottom of the periodic table
Metals
All isotopes of an element are _____________ – undergo the exact same chemical reactions
chemically identical
An element and its ion have the same chemical symbol but different ______
properties
mass (amu) of electron
0.00055
mass (amu) of proton
1.007
Isotopes of an element have
different masses
the long chain of bonded carbon atoms formed when monomers link together to form polymers
Polymer backbone
the atomic symbol for element
X
is composed of atoms
Matter
Isotopes are identified by their mass numbers
mass number = protons + neutrons
Derived from a group of atoms with an overall charge
Polyatomic ion
Bonding in compounds having collections of oppositely charged ions that form an extended array called a lattice
Ionic
A pure substance made up of atoms of two or more elements joined together by chemical bonds
Chemical compound
very large molecules made up of many smaller molecules linked togethe
Polymers
Ions with more protons than electrons are called
cations
Table regions
- Groups 1 to 2 and 13 to 18 are main group elements/representative elements
- Groups 3 to 12 are transition metals
- Lanthanides and actinides are the elements that appear below the rest of the table
added to stress that these units are attached end to end to build up the long chain of the polymer
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