Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3- TO LEARN > STIs and GUM other infections > Flashcards

STIs and GUM other infections Flashcards

1
Q

Chlamydia is caused by and what kind of organism is it?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

Obligate intracellular bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Symptoms of chlamydia?

A

Mostly asymptomatic

or white, cloudy watery discharge, pain/bleeding in sex/urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which serological groups cause genital infections in chlamydia?

A

Serovars D-K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Investigation of chlamydia?

A

14 DAYS AFTER

Men- first pass urine
Women- HVS or vulvovaginal swab

For NAAT or PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Treatment of chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline 100mg bd PO x 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes gonorrhoea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gram -ve diplococcus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A

2-5 DAYS AFTER

Asymptomatic
or purulent discharge, burning/pain on urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Investigation of gonorrhoea?

A

Men- first pass urine
Women- HVS or vulvovaginal swab
or rectal swab

For NAAT or PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment of gonorrhoea?

A

IM ceftriaxone 500mg + TEST OF CURE at 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes syphilis and incubation period?

A

Treponema pallidum (spirochaete)

Incubation= 9-90 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primary syphilis infection?

A

Painless chancre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Secondary syphilis infection?

A

“snail track” mouth ulcers, palm/sole rash, flu-like, lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What comes after the secondary infection in syphilis?

A

Latent phase- no symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens in the late stage of syphilis?

A

CV and neurovascular complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diagnosis of syphilis?

A

Swab for PCR
Serology
- TPPA, TPHA, IgM + IgG ELISA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment of syphilis?

A

Injectable long-acting penicillin (Benzathine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are genital herpes caused by and incubation period?

A

HSV 1 +2

Incubation= 3-6 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Symptoms of genital herpes?

A

Shallow ulcers and excruciating pain, local lymphadenopathy, fever, myalgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Diagnosis of genital herpes?

A

Swab of deroofed blister for PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why can genital herpes reoccur?

A

Stay dormant in root ganglia

Subsequent episodes shorter + less painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment of genital herpes?

A

Aciclovir 400mg tds x 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is genital warts caused by and incubation period?

A

HPV 6 + 11

Incubation= 3 weeks-9 months (ave. 3 months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment of genital warts?

A

Cryotherapy
Podophyllotoxin cream
Electrocautery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Symptoms of public lice?

A

Itching and visible eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Treatment of pubic lice?

A

Malathion lotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis (parasite)?

A

Vaginal discharge, irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Investigation of trichomonas vaginalis?

A

HSV for microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Treatment of trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Metronidazole PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What kind of virus is HIV and what does it target?

A

HIV- retrovirus (reverse transcriptase for replication)

Targets CD4+ receptors
Causes DYSFUNCTIONAL AND UNREGULATED immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

HIV causes susceptibility to…

A

Viral infections
Fungal infections
Mycobacterial infections
Infection-induced cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is a normal CD4 T helper cell count?

A

500-1600 cells/mm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How is the HIV virus transmitted?

A

Through mucosa- rectal, buccal, cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Average life expectancy of HIV without treatment?

A

9-11 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the predominant bacteria in the vaginal and what do they produce?

A

Lactobacillus ssp.

Lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide

35
Q

What is the average pH of the vagina?

A

4-4.5

36
Q

Other organisms present in vagina?

A

Strep viridans
Group B strep
Candida spp.

37
Q

What is vaginal thrush caused by?

A

Candida albicans (only a problem if symptomatic)

38
Q

Symptoms of thrush?

A

Female- Itchy, white vaginal discharge

Male- spotty penile rash

39
Q

Predisposing factors to candida infection?

A

Recent antibiotics
High oestrogen (pregnancy, contraceptives)
Poorly controlled diabetes
Immunocompromised

40
Q

Treatment of thrush?

A

Topical co-trimoxazole

41
Q

Recurrent oropharyngeal candida may be a sign of?

A

HIV/immunosuppression

42
Q

Bacterial vaginosis is more common in?

A

Sexually active people

43
Q

What commonly causes BV?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis +/- anaerobes

44
Q

Symptoms of BV?

A

Thin, watery, fish-smelling discharge

can use whiff test to increase odour

45
Q

What does BV increase the risk of?

A

Endometriosis, HIV contraction, premature labour

46
Q

Treatment of BV?

A

Metronidazole PO for 7 days

47
Q

Symptoms of acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

UTI symptoms, lower abdo /back/perineal/penile pain

48
Q

Diagnosis of prostatitis?

A

Mid-stream urine sample for culture

49
Q

Treatment of prostatitis?

A

Ciprofloxacin for 28 days

50
Q

What can prostatitis lead to?

A

Chronic prostatitis- chronic pelvic pain syndrome

51
Q

Symptoms of primary HIV infection?

A

2-4 weeks after transmission:

Fever, myalgia, maculopapular rash, pharyngitis, headache

52
Q

What is an opportunistic infection?

A

Caused by pathogen that doesn’t normally cause disease in healthy individual

53
Q

At what CD4 count do opportunistic infections occur?

A

<300 cells/mm3

54
Q

2 opportunistic infections affecting the lungs in HIV?

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

TB

55
Q

What is pneumocystis pneumonia caused by and symptoms?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

SOB, dry cough, fever

56
Q

Treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

High dose co-trimoxazole

57
Q

Complications of chlamydia in women?

A

PID, tubal damage, chronic pelvic pain

58
Q

Who is the HPV vaccination given to?

A

Girls 11- 13 years

MSM

59
Q

Worried about genital herpes but asymptomatic?

A

Leaflet for symptoms and test only if symptoms

60
Q

Gonorrhoea management in primary care?

A

Refer to sexual health for treatment, test of cure and contact tracing

61
Q

A cause of cerebral abscesses in HIV?

A

Cerebral toxoplasmosis

62
Q

Which STI shows clue cells?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis (bacterial vaginosis)

63
Q

What is a cause of cerebral abscess in HIV patients?

A

Cerebral toxoplasmosis (toxoplasma gondii)

64
Q

Cause of retinitis, colitis and oesophagitis in HIV patients?

A

CMV infection

65
Q

Common skin infections in HIV patients?

A

Herpes zoster
Herpes simplex
HPV

66
Q

What is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)?

A

In HIV patients- due to John Cunningham virus

focal neurology, personality change, confusion

67
Q

Why can wasting occur in HIV patients?

A

Chronic immune activation
Anorexia
Malabsorption/diarrhoea
Hypogonadism

68
Q

3 AIDs related cancers and what causes them?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma (herpes 8 virus)
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (EBV)
Cervical cancer (HPV)

69
Q

Where does Kaposi’s sarcoma occur?

A

Mostly skin, but can be ANYWHERE

70
Q

Transmission methods of HIV?

A

Sexual
Parenteral (drug use, blood products)
Vertical (mother-to-child)- in-utero, delivery or breastfeeding

71
Q

How can we prevent vertical transmission of HIV?

A

Mother’s viral load undetectable at birth

72
Q

How is HIV diagnosed?

A

Venous sample for SEROLOGY
or
Fingerprick/saliva test for antibodies (rarer)

73
Q

What tests do the labs carry out to confirm HIV? (4)

A
  1. HIV antibodies (IgM+IgG)- only after 3 months
  2. Antigen + antibody test (p24)
  3. Viral load (RNA)
  4. RITA
74
Q

Approach to HIV management?

A 
Stage infection
Opportunistic infection prophylaxis + vaccinations
STI screening
Support
Partner notification
Prevent onward transmission
75
Q

Aim of anti-retroviral therapy?

A

Reduce viral load to ZERO

76
Q

What is the most common target for anti-retroviral therapy?

A

Integrase (inhibit function)

Can use combination of 3 drugs to treat- called HAART

77
Q

What is the most important factor in preventing resistance against anti-retroviral therapy?

A

ADHERENCE
If given chance to breath, virus will select out resistant strains only
Better to STOP completely (by step-down)

78
Q

Side effects of HAART (toxicity)?

A

Diarrhoea, N+V, rash/Steven’s Johnsons, psychosis, proximal tubulopathies, osteomalacia, anaemia, hepatitis

79
Q

Methods to prevent transmission of HIV?

A

HAART (UNDETECTABLE=UNTRANSMITTABLE)
Condoms
Regular testing
Partner disclosure

80
Q

What does mycoplasma genitalium cause and how is it diagnosed?

A

Urethritis

NAAT from swab or urine

81
Q

Is transmission of gonorrhoea more common from an infected man or woman?

A

Infected man

82
Q

Which type is HSV more commonly causes recurrence of genital herpes and has more viral shedding?

A

HSV 2

83
Q

Which STI can cause neonatal conjunctivitis?

A

Chlamydia

Y3- TO LEARN (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions