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Y3- TO LEARN > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of typical anti-psychotics?

A 
Chlorpromazine
Thioridazine 
Fluphenazine 
Haloperidol 
Zuclopentixol
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2
Q

Examples of tricyclics?

A

Amitriptyline, imipramine, dosulepin, lofepramine

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3
Q

Examples of cholinesterase Inhibitors?

A

Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine

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4
Q

Examples of dual reuptake inhibitors?

A

Venlafaxine, Duloxetine

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5
Q

Examples of benzodiazepines?

A

Lorazepam, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide

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6
Q

Examples of MAOIs?

A

Moclobemide (reversible)
Phenelzine (irreversible)

When put fennel in food, it’s irreversible!

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7
Q

How does memantine work?

A

Inhibits NMDA receptors

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8
Q

Acamprosate use?

A

Cravings in alcohol withdrawal

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9
Q

What is Disulfiram?

A

Antabuse

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10
Q

Use of Tetrabenazine?

A

Treatment of chorea

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11
Q

Use of terbutaline?

A

Uterine hyperstimulation (or in foetal distress)

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12
Q

What does syntometrine contain?

A

Oxytocin and ergometrine

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13
Q

What can reverse opioid toxicity?

A

Naloxone/naltrexone

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14
Q

Name some iron chelation agents?

A

Deferiprone
Deferoxamine
Deferasirox

(de-FER)

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15
Q

Examples of cholinesterase inhibitors?

A

Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine

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16
Q

Side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors?

A 
N+V
Diarrhoea
Muscle cramps
Bradycardia
Worsen COPD/ASTHMA
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17
Q

Dopamine agonists used in Parkinson’s + side effects?

A

Pramipexole
Ropinirole
Cabergoline

Nausea, oedema, impulsive behaviour/hallucinations

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18
Q

Which drugs are second line in MS if there are still new plaques while on DMDs?

A

Fingolimod
or
Monoclonal antibodies

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19
Q

Which disease modifying drugs can be used to reduce relapse frequency and severity in MS? (3)

A 
Inferon beta e.g. Avonex, Rebif, Betaseron, Extavia 
or 
Copaxone 
or 
Tecfedira
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20
Q

Drug used in MND?

A

RILUZOLE

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21
Q

Examples of MOAB inhibitors used in Parkinson’s?

A

Selegiline, Rasagiline

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22
Q

What is Imatinib?

A

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition

For cancers with Philadelphia chromosome (CML, ALL)

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23
Q

What is Rituximab?

A

Monoclonal antibody than binds CD20 on lymphoma/leukaemia cells and induces lysis and apoptosis

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24
Q

What is Ruxolitinib

A

JAK2 inhibitor

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25
Q

Side effects of MAOIs?

A 
Postural hypotension
Drowsiness
Nausea
Insomnia
Constipation
Peripheral Oedema
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26
Q

Side effects of tricyclics?

A 
Cardiovascular= postural hypotension, tachycardia, arrythmias
Cognitive= impairment in elderly
anti-Cholinergic= blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention

+ Weight gain, sedation

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27
Q

Examples of SSRIs?

A

Fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, sertraline

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28
Q

Side effects of SSRIs?

A

N+V, headache, transient anxiety, agitation, sweating, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, HYPONATRAEMIA in elderly

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29
Q

Examples of dual reuptake inhibitors?

A

Venlafaxine, Duloxetine

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30
Q

Name an atypical anti-depressant and its use?

A

Mirtazapine

Supplement SSRIs to block serotonin side effects e.g. nausea
can cause weight gain, sedation

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31
Q

Side effects of lithium?

A

GI upset, Tremor, HYPOTHYROIDISM, Weight gain, renal impairment, polydipsia, polyuria, sedation

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32
Q

Lithium toxicity signs include?

A

Vomiting, diarrhoea, ataxia, tremor, drowsiness, convulsions

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33
Q

Side effects of sodium valproate?

A

sedation, tremor, dizziness, GI upset, weight gain, TERATOGENIC

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34
Q

How to calculate number of units?

A

(% x volume)/10

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35
Q

How do typical anti-psychotics work?

A

Block D2 receptors

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36
Q

Side effects of typical anti-psychotics?

A

Acute dystonic reaction (muscle spasms)
Parkinsonism
Tardive dyskinesia (repetitive involuntary purposeless movements + inner restlessness)
Hyperprolactinaemia (due to lack of prolactin inhibition by dopamine)

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37
Q

How do atypical anti-psychotics work?

A

Transient block D2 receptors, and block 5HT2 receptors too

38
Q

Examples of atypical anti-psychotics?

A

Olanzapine
Risperidone
Quetiapine
Clozapine

39
Q

Side effects of atypical anti-psychotics?

A 
MUSCARINIC BLOCKADE (blurred vision, dry eyes, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention)
Metabolic syndrome (high CV risk)
Sedation
Increased appetite
Postural hypotension
40
Q

IQ of borderline LD?

A

70-84

41
Q

IQ of mild LD?

A

50-69

42
Q

IQ of moderate LD?

A

35-49

43
Q

IQ of severe LD?

A

20-34

44
Q

What causes memory loss, panic attacks and partial seizures?

A

Limbic encephalitis

45
Q

First line medication in ADHD?

A

Methylphenidate (block dopamine transport)
or
Dexamphetamine

46
Q

Which 2 anti-depressives to avoid in pregnancy?

A

Paroxetine (heart defects)

Citalopram

47
Q

Can benzodiazepines be used in pregnancy?

A

NO

Increase malformations + floppy baby syndrome

48
Q

Can lithium be used during pregnancy?

A

Yes

Monitor serum levels closely (toxicity can mimic pre-eclampsia)

49
Q

Can lithium be used during breastfeeding?

A

NO

concentrated to baby

50
Q

Is sodium valproate safe in breastfeeding?

A

Yes

51
Q

Is tetracycline safe in breastfeeding?

A

No

absorbed by breastmilk- can discolour infant teeth permanently

52
Q

Is carbamazepine safe in pregnancy?

A

No

Neural tube + facial defects

53
Q

Is lamotrigine safe in pregnancy?

A

No

Oral cleft + stevens-johnson syndrome

54
Q

Treatment of myasthenia gravis? (4)

A

Pyridostigmine- acetylcholinerase inhibitor
IV immunoglobulin
Steroids- azathioprine
Thymectomy- for hyperplasia/thyoma

55
Q

What should be used instead of meoclopramide for GI issues in Parkinson’s disease?

A

Domperidone

56
Q

Management of frontotemporal dementia?

A

Trazadone/ anti-psychotics

57
Q

Treatment of Guillain-Barre?

A

Immunoglobulin infusion
Plasma exchange
Cyclophosphamide

58
Q

Symptoms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)?

A

Rapid dementia
Myoclonus
Ataxia

59
Q

Symptoms of extradural haemorrhage?

A 
LUCID INTERVAL then:
Stupor 
Ipsilateral dilated pupil 
Hemiparesis 
Coning
60
Q

Symptoms of subdural haemorrhage?

A 
Headache
Confusion 
Drowsiness 
Fluctuating symptoms 
Focal deficit 
Stupor 
Coning
61
Q

Symptoms of an uncal herniation?

A 
Pupillary dilatation (ipsilateral)
Hemiparesis (contralateral)
62
Q

Management of partial (focal) seizures? (3)

A

Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine
Topiramate

63
Q

Management of generalised seizures? (5)

A 
Sodium Valproate
Ethosuximide (absense)
Levetiracetam
Topiramate
Lamotrigine
64
Q

2 medical steps for TOP?

A
  1. Mifepristone 200mg
    24-48 hours later
  2. Misoprostol
65
Q

What kind of medication is mifepristone?

A

Anti-progesterone

66
Q

What kind of medication is misoprostol?

A

Prostaglandin

67
Q

When can vacuum aspiration take place?

A

6-12 weeks

68
Q

When can dilatation and evacuation take place?

A

13-24 weeks

69
Q

Which contraceptives CANNOT be started straight away after TOP?

A

Depo injection

Vaginal ring

70
Q

How is Down’s Syndrome screened for and when?

A

Nuchal thickness/translucency (11-13 wks)
Bloods- HCG + AFP (15-20 wks)
Amniocentesis (15 wks) or CVS (12 wks)

(also NIPT)

71
Q

What to do if an oral steroid has been used >2 weeks before labour?

A

Give IV hydrocortisone 100mg qid during labour

72
Q

What is used as VTE prophylaxis if high risk in pregnancy?

A

Dalteparin

73
Q

Which anti-hypertensives are used in pre-eclampsia and how do they work? (3)

A

Labetalol- alpha and beta antagonist (NOT IN ASTHMA)
Nifedipine- Ca channel antagonist
Methyl-dopa

74
Q

Severe CONTINUOUS abdo pain + WOODY-HARD UTERUS?

A

Placental abruption

75
Q

PAINLESS bleeding + soft abdo?

A

Placenta praevia

76
Q

DOUGHY abdomen?

A

Placenta accreta

77
Q

Mneumonic for CTG interpretation?

A

Dr C Bravado

DR- define risk (high or low from Hx)
C- contractions (frequency + duration)

Bra- Baseline rate (fetal HR normal-110-160)
Variability (at least 10-15bpm- reassuring)
Accelerations (15bpm increase for 15 secs- reassuring)
Decelerations (early- normal, variable- cord compression, late- hypoxia)
Overall (reassuring, suspicious or abnormal)

78
Q

Which hormones are in the implant + injection + IUS?

A

Progesterone

79
Q

Which hormones are in the patch and ring?

A

Oestrogen + Progesterone

80
Q

Describe the use of Levonelle (LNG- levonorgestrel) and mode of action

A

Up to 72 hours
High dose progestogen
Works before LH surge

81
Q

Describe the use of ellaOne (UPA- ulipristal acetate) and mode of action

A

Up to 120 hours
Anti-progestogen
Works until after start of LH surge
NOT IN SEVERE ASTHMA

82
Q

When do you double dose of Levonelle (LNG- levonorgestrel)?

A

If >70kg or >26 BMI

83
Q

When can’t you use UPA- ulipristal acetate?

A

If other hormonal contraceptive was used in last 7 days

84
Q

Features of early jaundice?

A

<24 hours
Usually due to haemolysis (ABO incompatibility, Rhesus disease, Sepsis)

(also polycythaemia, infection)

85
Q

Causes of persistent unconjugated jaundice?

A

Breast milk jaundice
Haemolysis
Infection
Hypothyroidism

86
Q

Causes of persistent conjugated jaundice?

A 
ALWAYS ABNORMAL
Hepatitis
Biliry atresia
CF
Down's Syndrome etc.
87
Q

Examples of aromatase inhibitors?

A

Letrozole

Anastrozole

88
Q

Side effects of aromatase inhibitors?

A

Joint stiffness/pain

89
Q

Side effects of Trastuzumab?

A

Allergic reactions

Reversible cardiac failure

90
Q

Side effects/complications of tamoxifen?

A

Menopausal symptoms, alopecia, anaemia

Increased risk of endometrial cancer, endometrial hyperplasia + polyps

Y3- TO LEARN (13 decks)

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