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Y3- TO LEARN > Neuroanatomy + Physiology > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy + Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Function of microglia?

A

Like macrophages- immune monitoring and antigen presentation

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2
Q

How can AP conduction be increased?

A

Increase axon diameter

Myelination

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3
Q

Neurotransmitter at an excitatory synapse and what does it activate?

A

Glutamate

Na receptors- depolarisation

EPSP- excitatory postsynaptic potential

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4
Q

Neurotransmitter at an inhibitory synapse and what does it activate?

A

GABA or glycine

Cl receptors- hyperpolarisation

IPSP- inhibitory postsynaptic potential

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5
Q

What is spatial synaptic summation?

A

Multiple simultaneous inputs

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6
Q

What is temporal synaptic summation?

A

Repeated inputs building up over time

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7
Q

Adaptation rate of a sensory unit?

A

Change firing in response to change in intensity, or continuous signal

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8
Q

Conduction velocity of a sensory unit?

A

Differ in diameter, extent of myelination etc.

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9
Q

What is contrast enhancement?

A

Differences in activity of adjacent neurons are amplified

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10
Q

What is lateral inhibition?

A

An active neuron inhibits its neighbours

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11
Q

What is the difference between an ionotropic and metabotropic receptor?

A

Ionotropic- direct channel that opens/closes- fast transmission
Metabotropic- linked to G-protein- slow transmission

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12
Q

What effect does glutamate have on ionotropic receptors?

A

Excitatory

depolarisation

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13
Q

What effect does GABA have on ionotropic receptors?

A

Inhibitory (hyperpolarisation)

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14
Q

What are Type IIb/x fibres also known as?

A

Fast fatiguing

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15
Q

What are Type IIa fibres also known as?

A

Fatigue resistant

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16
Q

What are Type I fibres also known as?

A

Slow

17
Q

What is the function of the superior olive in hearing?

A

Commutes sound arrival at 2 ears- aids sound location

18
Q

What do the semicircular canals of the ear detect?

A

Head movements

19
Q

What do the otolith organs of the ear detect?

A

Linear acceleration

20
Q

Function of the inverse myotatic reflex?

A

Proprioceptive feedback to execute fine motor tasks

21
Q

What is the function of reciprocal inhibition?

A

Antagonise flexors when extensors contract or viceversa

22
Q

How does referred pain occur?

A

Several sympathetic afferents carrying visceral pain enter same spinothalamic neurones

Brain interprets info arising from viscera as coming from different area of SKIN

23
Q

What is a Lacunar Infarct (LACI/LACS)?

A

Small infarcts in deep brain/brainstem

24
Q

Symptoms of Lacunar Infarct (LACI/LACS)?

A

A pure motor or pure sensory stroke or an ataxic hemiparesis

25
Q

Synapse formed between motor neurones and muscle?

A

Motor end plate

Y3- TO LEARN (13 decks)

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