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Year 4 Infectious DIseases > STIs > Flashcards

STIs Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most likely differential for a male with purulent discharge and pain on urination

A

gonorrhoea

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2
Q

what is the most likely differential for a male with mild watery discharge

A

chlamydia

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3
Q

describe the normal vaginal flora

A

Normal vaginal flora – lactobacillus spp. Predominate in the healthy vagina produce:

  • lactic acid – these suppress growth of other bacteria
  • +/- hydrogen peroxide – of other bacteria

can also have small numbers of strep v, group b strep, candida

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4
Q

Intensely itchy white vaginal discharge

A

candida

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5
Q

what are the risk factors for candida

A

Recent antibiotic therapy; High oestrogen levels (pregnancy, certain types of contraceptives); Poorly controlled diabetes; Immunocompromised patients

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6
Q

diagnose candida

A

high vaginal swab for culture

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7
Q

treat oral candida

A

nystatin

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8
Q

treat vaginal candida

A

topical clotrimazole pessary or cream

oral fluconazole

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9
Q

Awful smelling discharge and may have dyspareunia

A

bacterial vaginosis

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10
Q

what is the main cause of BV

A

gardnerella vaginalis

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11
Q

what mainly has neutrophils on stain

A

gonorrhoea

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12
Q

what type of cells indicate BV

A

clue cells

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13
Q

diagnose BV

A 
whiff test (add potassium hydroxide to elicit foul odor) 
wet mount
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14
Q

treat BV

A

metronidazole 7 days

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15
Q

describe chlamydia trachomatis

A

obligate intracellular bacteria with biphasic lifestyle

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16
Q

does chlamydia stain with gram stain ?

A

no as no peptidoglycan in the cell wall

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17
Q

what are the three serological groupings of chlamydia?

A

A-C - trachoma (eye infection)
D-K - genital infection
L1-L3 - lymphogranuloma venereum

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18
Q

what are the main tests for chlamydia or gonorrhoea

A

NAAT or PCR

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19
Q

how do you test for chlamydia and gonorrhoea

A

male - first pass urine

female - vulvovaginal swab

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20
Q

how do you treat chlamydia

A

doxycycline (if contraindicated give azithromycin)

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21
Q

what type of bacteria is Neisseria gonorrhoea?

A

gram neg intracellular diplococcus

22
Q

what is the incubation period of gonorrhoea

A

2-5 days

23
Q

what is the main symptom of gonorrhoea

A

purulent discharge

24
Q

treat gonorrhoea

A

IM ceftriaxone

25
Q

incubation of syphillus

A

9-90 days

26
Q

painful ulcer

A

herpes

27
Q

painless ulcer

A

syphillus chancre

28
Q

how do you test for syphilis

A

IgM or IgG elisa for screening

if positive PCR or dark chain microscopy for diagnosis (or VDRL/ TPPA)

29
Q

in syphilis what do you look for on dark chain microscopu

A

spirochaetes

30
Q

what bacetria causes syphillus

A

treponema pallidum

31
Q

types 6 and 11 HPV cause

A

warts

32
Q

types 16 and 18 cause

A

cervical cancer

33
Q

incubation of HPV

A

3 weeks to 9 months

34
Q

Painless cauliflower like warts on vagina or penis

A

HPV viral warts

35
Q

how do you treat viral warts

A

warticon (podophyllotoxin)
imiquimoid
cryotherapy

36
Q

what is the incubation of herpes?

A

3-6 days

37
Q

what is the duration of illness of herpes

A

14-21 days

38
Q

why can herpes come back

A

remains in sacral root ganglion

39
Q

how to test for herpes

A

viral swab pcr

40
Q

treat herpes

A

acyclovir and pain relief

41
Q

describe trichomonas vaginalis

A

Single celled protozoal parasite

42
Q

what STI divides by binary fission

A

trichomonas vaginalis

43
Q

diagnose trichomonas in females

A

high vaginal swab for PCR test

44
Q

treat trichomonas

A

oral metronidazole

45
Q

what is another name for phthirus pubis

A

crabs

46
Q

what is the main symptom of phthirus pubis

A

extreme itch

47
Q

how long do crabs live for

A

Males on average live for 22 days, female for 17 days

48
Q

how is the diagnosis of phthirus pubis made

A

clinically

49
Q

treat phthirus pubis

A

malathion lotion

50
Q

what are the causative organisms of prostatitis?

A

Same organisms as UTI (E. coli & other coliforms, Enterococcus sp., but check for STI in patients <35years (gonorrhoea, chlamydia)

51
Q

diagnosis of prostatitis

A

clinical signs and mid stream sample of urine for culture and sensitivity
if under 35yo do first pass urine also for chlamydia / gonorrhoea)

52
Q

treat prostatitis

A

ciprofloxacin for 28 days

trimethoprim if high c diff risk

Year 4 Infectious DIseases (11 decks)

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