Basic Science Flashcards
what are the three bacterial shapes
coccus bacillus spirochaetes
describe gram positive bacteria
purple thick layer of peptidoglycan exotoxin
gram neg
pink 3 layers with thin layer of peptidoglycan endotoxin
alpha haemolysis
Caused by enzymes that denature the haemoglobin inside red blood cells causing greenish discolouration round the colony.
beta haemolysis
: Caused by enzymes that lyse (breakdown) red blood cells causing complete clearing round the colony (can be seen as either yellow or with clearing around the colony). The most pathogenic Streptococci are beta-haemolytic.
gamma haemolysis
brownish in colour/ just colony of bacteria with no haemolysis
what are the alpa haemolytic strep
strep pneumo
strep v
what are the beta haemolytic strep
groap a (strep pyogeens) group b streo
what are the gamma haemolutic strep
enterococcus
coag pos staph
staph aureus
coag neg staph
staph epi
what is the main gram positive anaerobic organism you need to knlow about
clostridium
what is the main bacteria in gas gangrene
clostridium perfringens
diptheria is gram
positive
bacillus cererus is gram
positive
anthrax is gram
positive
what are the two gram neg strict aerobes
legionella and pseudomonas
what are the main gram neg cocci
Neisseria gonorrhoea and meningiditis
what are the small gram neg bacilli
b pertussis
h influ
what are the large gram neg bacilli
ecoli klebsiella proteus samlonella shigella ecoli 0157
campylobator is gram
negative bacilli
helicobactor is a gram
negative bacilli (spiral)
gonorrhoea Is
gram neg cocci
Neisseria meningitidis is
gram neg cocci
b pertussis is
gram neg bacilli
h influ is
gram neg bacilli
e coli is
gram neg coliform
klebsiella is
gram neg coliform
proteus is
gram neg coliform
salmonella is
gram neg coliform
shigella is
gram neg coliform
e coli 0157 is
gram neg coliform
4 cs that cause c diff
co amoxiclav
ciprofloxacin clindamycin
cephlasporins (cephtriaxone)
what abx act on the cell wall
penicillin
cephalosporin
glycopeptide
name a cephalosporin
ceftriaxone
name the glycopeptides
vancomycin teucoplanin
what abx inhibit protein synthesis
macrolides tetracclines aminoglycosides
name the macrolides
erythromycin clarithromycin azithromycin
name the tetracyclines
doxycycline
name the aminoglycosides
gentamicin
name the Antibiotics that act on bacterial DNA
metronidazole
trimethoprim
fluroquinolones
most common cause of food poisonng in the ul
campulobator
what causes HUS
e coli
causes of gastroenteritis
- L Listeria
- E Escherichia coli
- S Staphylococcus aureus
- S Salmonella
- G Giardia lamblia
- E Entamoeba histolytica
- R Rotavirus
- M Mushrooms
- S Shigella
raw milk
campylobacter
GBS
campylobacter
bloody diarrhoea, haemorrhagic mucosa with ulcerations on distal colon
shigella
Red macules on body on examination
salmonella
undercooked hamburgers
e coli 0157
metallic green stool culture
fragmented RBCs
e coli 0157
