STIs Flashcards
What is the causative organism of gonorrhoea?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
What is the incubation period of gonorrhoea?
Average 5-6 days
Range of 2 days t 2 weeks
What are the signs and symptoms of gonorrhoea in men?
10% asymptomatic
Thick, profuse yellow discharge
Dysuria
What are the signs and symptoms of gonorrhoea in girls?
> 50% asymptomatic
Vaginal discharge
Dysuria
Intermenstrual/post-coital bleeding
What investigations are done for gonorrhoea?
Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) of urine or swab
Gram stained smear from urethra, cervix or rectum
Culture swab for antibiotic sensitivity
What is the treatment of gonorrhoea?
Ceftriaxone 500mg IM once
Azythromycin 1g oral once
Test for cure at 2 weeks and reinfection at 3 months
What are the complications of gonorrhoea?
Men- epididymitis
Female- PID, Bartholin’s abscess
Acute monoarthritix
Disseminated infection- pustular skin lesions with white halo
What is the causative organism of chlamydia?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What are the signs and symptoms of chlamydia in men?
> 70% asymptomatic
Slight watery discharge
Dysuria
What are the signs and symptoms of chlamydia in women?
> 80% asymptomatic
Vaginal discharge
Dysuria
Intermenstrual/post coital bleed
What are the signs and symptoms of chlamydia in both sexes?
Dysuria
Conjunctivitis
What investigations are done for chlamydia?
NAAT of first void urine in men or swab from cervix, urethra or rectum
What is the treatment of chlamydia?
Azythromycinorally once
Doxycycline 100mg twice daily for 1 week if rectal infection
Test for reinfection at 3-12 months
What ar the complications for chlamydia?
Male- epididymitis Female- PID and infertility Reactive arthritis Reiter's syndrome Urethritis Cervicitis Conjunctivitis
What is the causative organism of herpes?
Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2
What is the incubation period of herpes?
5 days to several months
What are the signs and symtoms of herpes?
80% asymptomatic Burning/itching Blistering Tender ulceration Tender inguinal lymphadenopathy Flu like symptoms Dysuria Neuralgic pain in back, pelvis and legs
How is herpes diagnosed?
Clinical impression
Swb fro lesion testing using PCR
What is the treatment of a primary outbreak of herpes?
Aciclovir
Lidocaine ointment
What is the treatment of infrequent recurrences of herpes?
Lidocaine ointment
Aciclovir once daily until symptoms gone
What is the treatment of frequent recurrences of herpes?
Long term aciclovir
What are the complications of herpes?
Autonomic neuropathy
Neonatal infection
Secondary infection
What is the causative organism of trichomoniasis?
Trichomonas vaginalis
What are the sign and symptoms of trichomoniasis?
Men- usually asymptomatic
Women- 10-30% asymptomatic, profuse, thin green and frothy vaginal discharge w foul smell, vulvitis
What is the investigation of trichomoniasis?
PCR of vaginal swab
What is the treatment of trichomoniasis?
Metronidazole 400mg 2x daily for 5 days or 2g once
What are the complications of trichomoniasis?
Miscarriage
Preterm labour
What are the causative organisms of anogenital warts?
HPV types 6 and 11
What is the epidemiology of anogenital warts?
> 90% of UK population have genital HPV at some point, 20% get symptoms
What are the signs and symptoms of anogenital warts?
Lumps with surface texture of cauliflower
Itching
Bleeding
How are anogenital warts diagnosed?
Appearance
Biopsy if unusual
What is the treatment of anogenital warts?
Podophyllotoxin cream
Cryotherapy
Diathermy/scissor removal
What is the causative organism of syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
What % of those wth syphilis are MSM?
> 90
What is the incubation period of syphilis?
Normally 9-90 days
What are the signs and symptoms of syphilis?
Asymptomatic
Primary- local ulcer
Secondary- rash, mucosal ulceration, neuro symptoms, patchy alopecia
Tertiary- neuro, CV or gummatous symptoms
What is early latent syphilis?
No symptoms but <2 years since acquired
What is late latent syphilis?
No symptoms but >2 years since acquired
How is syphilis diagnosed?
Clinical signs
Serology for TP IgGEIA, TPPA and RPR
PCR from ulcer
What is the treatment of syphilis?
Early and no neuropathy involvement- benzathine penicillin IM once OR doxycycline 100mg 2x daily for 2 weeks
Late and no neuroinvolvement- benzathine penicillin IM 3x OR doxycycline 100mg 2x daily for 28 days
What are the complications of syphilis?
Neurosyphilis
Cardiac or aortic involvement
Congenital syphilis
What is the most common manifestation of neurosyphilis?
Cranial nerve palsies
