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4 - Repro > STIs > Flashcards

STIs Flashcards

1
Q

Which groups of people are classed as high risk for STIs?

A

Young people
Minority ethnic groups
People affected by poverty and social exclusion
Low socio-economic groups
People with poor educational opportunities
Unemployed people
Individual born to teenage mothers

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2
Q

Give some morbidities that are associated with STIs.

A 
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Impaired fertility
Reproductive tract cancers
Risk of BBV
Risk of congenital and peripartum infections of newborns
Social and psychological stigma
Risk of lifetime infection
Possible transmission to others
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3
Q

What organism causes HPV?

A

Human Papillomaviruses

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4
Q

What organism causes Herpes?

A

Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2

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5
Q

Which organism is more common in genital herpes?

A

Type 2 herpes simplex virus

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6
Q

What organism cause chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis

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7
Q

What organism causes gonorrhoea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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8
Q

What organism causes syphlilis?

A

Treponema Pallidum

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9
Q

What organism causes trichomoniasis?

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

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10
Q

What are some common causes of genital skin and mucous membrane lesions?

A

Genital ulcersVesicle of BullaeGenital papulesAnogenital warts

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11
Q

Describe genital ulcers

A

Sores found in the genital area

  • not always a sign of an STI (SLE)
  • Due to herpes simplex, syphillus, chlamydia trachomatis
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12
Q

What are Vesicles of Bullae due to?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus

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13
Q

Describe urethritis

A

Causes discharge, dysuria and frequency
Inflammation of the urethra
Treatment is based on cause and patients should be educated in correct perineal hygiene

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14
Q

What are the main types of urethritis?

A

Gonococcal urethritis – usually have purulent discharge in men
Chlamydial urethritis – more likely to have clear discharge in men
Non-specific urethritisPost-gonococcal urethritisNon-infectious urethritis

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15
Q

What is vulvo-vaginitis and what are the common causes?

A 
Inflammation of the vagina
Due to:
Candidiasis
Trichomoniasis
Staphylococcal
Foreign Body
HSV
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16
Q

What is Cervicitis and what are the common causes?

A 
Inflammation of the cervix
Due to:
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoea
HSV
HPV
17
Q

What is Bacterial Vaginosis?

A

Common cause of bacterial discharge, irritation, soreness and odour

18
Q

How is bacterial vaginosis diagnosed?

A

Based on a pH lower than 4.5 A pungent odour with KOH whiff test Presence of clue cells on a wet mount lacking many PNMs

19
Q

What is the cause of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Gardnerella Vaginalis

20
Q

Describe Bartholinitis

A

Polymicrobial infections due to endogenous flora and sometime STIs. Inflammation due to infection of Bartholin Gland

21
Q

Give two classes of infections of the female pelvis

A

Pregnancy-related

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

22
Q

Give some pregnancy-related infections

A 
Chorioamnionitis
Post-partum endometriosis
Epiostomy infections
Puerpal ovarian vein thrombophlebitis
Osteomyelitis pubis
23
Q

Describe pelvic inflammatory disease

A 
The result of infections ascending from the endocervix causing: endometriosis
salpingitis
parametritis
oophoritis
tubo-ovarian abscess 
pelvic peritonitis
24
Q

Describe endometriosis

A

Cells from the endometrium appear and flourish outisde of the uterine cavity. Usually on the peritoneum

25
Q

Describe salpingitis

A

Inflammation and infection of the fallopian tubes

26
Q

Describe parametritis

A

Inflammation of parametric tissues – connective tissues adjacent to the uterus

27
Q

Describe oophoritis

A

Inflammation of the ovaries

28
Q

Describe tubo-ovarian abscesses

A

Abscess found anywhere between the ovary and the fallopian tubes

29
Q

How would you treat pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Antibiotics
Watch urine output
Monitor temperature for fevers

30
Q

What are the symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

pelvic pain
tender uterus under palpation
cervical motion tenderness

31
Q

When is the highest incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

Between 20 and 24

32
Q

Describe prostatitis

A

Inflammation of the prostate- Chronic prostatitis is more common that acute prostatitis

33
Q

Give some causes of prostatitis

A

Gram negative bacteria– e coli, enterobacter, pseudomonasSTI – neisseria gonorrhoaea, chlamydia trachomatis

34
Q

Describe epididymitis

A

Inflammation of epididymisCan be non-specific bacterial epididymitis or sexually transmitted epididymitis

35
Q

Describe orchitis

A

Inflammation of the testesCan have a viral cause (mumps, coxsackie B)Pyogenic bacterial orchitis

36
Q

What is the recent trend for the incidence of sexually transmitted infections?

A

There as been a gradual, sustained increase in the number of diagnosed STIs since 1995.

4 - Repro (13 decks)

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