STIs Flashcards
Which groups of people are classed as high risk for STIs?
Young people
Minority ethnic groups
People affected by poverty and social exclusion
Low socio-economic groups
People with poor educational opportunities
Unemployed people
Individual born to teenage mothers
Give some morbidities that are associated with STIs.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Impaired fertility Reproductive tract cancers Risk of BBV Risk of congenital and peripartum infections of newborns Social and psychological stigma Risk of lifetime infection Possible transmission to others
What organism causes HPV?
Human Papillomaviruses
What organism causes Herpes?
Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2
Which organism is more common in genital herpes?
Type 2 herpes simplex virus
What organism cause chlamydia?
Chlamydia Trachomatis
What organism causes gonorrhoea?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
What organism causes syphlilis?
Treponema Pallidum
What organism causes trichomoniasis?
Trichomonas Vaginalis
What are some common causes of genital skin and mucous membrane lesions?
Genital ulcersVesicle of BullaeGenital papulesAnogenital warts
Describe genital ulcers
Sores found in the genital area
- not always a sign of an STI (SLE)
- Due to herpes simplex, syphillus, chlamydia trachomatis
What are Vesicles of Bullae due to?
Herpes Simplex Virus
Describe urethritis
Causes discharge, dysuria and frequency
Inflammation of the urethra
Treatment is based on cause and patients should be educated in correct perineal hygiene
What are the main types of urethritis?
Gonococcal urethritis – usually have purulent discharge in men
Chlamydial urethritis – more likely to have clear discharge in men
Non-specific urethritisPost-gonococcal urethritisNon-infectious urethritis
What is vulvo-vaginitis and what are the common causes?
Inflammation of the vagina Due to: Candidiasis Trichomoniasis Staphylococcal Foreign Body HSV
What is Cervicitis and what are the common causes?
Inflammation of the cervix Due to: Chlamydia trachomatis Neisseria gonorrhoea HSV HPV
What is Bacterial Vaginosis?
Common cause of bacterial discharge, irritation, soreness and odour
How is bacterial vaginosis diagnosed?
Based on a pH lower than 4.5 A pungent odour with KOH whiff test Presence of clue cells on a wet mount lacking many PNMs
What is the cause of bacterial vaginosis?
Gardnerella Vaginalis
Describe Bartholinitis
Polymicrobial infections due to endogenous flora and sometime STIs. Inflammation due to infection of Bartholin Gland
Give two classes of infections of the female pelvis
Pregnancy-related
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Give some pregnancy-related infections
Chorioamnionitis Post-partum endometriosis Epiostomy infections Puerpal ovarian vein thrombophlebitis Osteomyelitis pubis
Describe pelvic inflammatory disease
The result of infections ascending from the endocervix causing: endometriosis salpingitis parametritis oophoritis tubo-ovarian abscess pelvic peritonitis
Describe endometriosis
Cells from the endometrium appear and flourish outisde of the uterine cavity. Usually on the peritoneum
Describe salpingitis
Inflammation and infection of the fallopian tubes
Describe parametritis
Inflammation of parametric tissues – connective tissues adjacent to the uterus
Describe oophoritis
Inflammation of the ovaries
Describe tubo-ovarian abscesses
Abscess found anywhere between the ovary and the fallopian tubes
How would you treat pelvic inflammatory disease
Antibiotics
Watch urine output
Monitor temperature for fevers
What are the symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease?
pelvic pain
tender uterus under palpation
cervical motion tenderness
When is the highest incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease?
Between 20 and 24
Describe prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate- Chronic prostatitis is more common that acute prostatitis
Give some causes of prostatitis
Gram negative bacteria– e coli, enterobacter, pseudomonasSTI – neisseria gonorrhoaea, chlamydia trachomatis
Describe epididymitis
Inflammation of epididymisCan be non-specific bacterial epididymitis or sexually transmitted epididymitis
Describe orchitis
Inflammation of the testesCan have a viral cause (mumps, coxsackie B)Pyogenic bacterial orchitis
What is the recent trend for the incidence of sexually transmitted infections?
There as been a gradual, sustained increase in the number of diagnosed STIs since 1995.
