Female Anatomy

Question 1

Describe the uterine ligament

Answer 1

Holds uterus in place- side walls of uterus to lateral walls and floor of pelvis- double layer of mesntery

Question 2

Describe the round ligament

Answer 2

Embryological remnant of the gubernaculum- attaches ovary to labia major

Question 3

Describe the uterine tubes

Answer 3

Muscular tube- narrow medially- funnel shaped abdominal opening- opens into uterine cavity by the narrow isthmus

Question 4

Describe the cervix

Answer 4

Fibromuscular neck- endocervical canal that links the uterine cavity with the vagina- allows for sperm to move from vagina to the uterus- made up of two regions (endo and exocervix) with a transformation zone between them - circularly arranged smooth muscle

Question 5

Describe the endocervix

Answer 5

Tall columnar epithelium- basally placed nuclei- mucosa has a large number of glands with muscus secreting cells

Question 6

Describe the exocervix

Answer 6

Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium

Question 7

Arterial supple of uterus

Answer 7

Uterine artery- AA to common iliac to internal iliac to ant division of int iliac to uterineUreter passes under the uterine artery

Question 8

Venous drainage of the uterus

Answer 8

Uterine venous plexus- merges to form the uterine vein to internal iliac to common iliac to IVC

Question 9

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the uterus

Answer 9

fundus = para-aortic nodesbody = external iliac nodescervix = ext and int iliac and sacral nodes

Question 10

Arterial supply of the vagina

Answer 10

Sup part = uterine arteriesMiddle and inferior parts = vaginal and pudendal arteries

Question 11

Venous drainage of the vagina

Answer 11

Vaginal venous plexuses- drain to vaginaal vein to uterine to int iliac to common iliac to IVC

Question 12

Innervation of the uterus and the vagina

Answer 12

inf 1/5 of vag = pudendal nervesup 4/5 and uterus = uterovaginal plexus

Question 13

Describe the pelvic pain line

Answer 13

Line between the different innervationsabove line = pain refers upbelow line = localised pain

Question 14

Define salpingitis

Answer 14

Inflammation of uterine tube due to microorganisms- causes fusions and adhesions which can block the lumen- can lead to ectopic pregnancies

Question 15

Describe enodmetriosis

Answer 15

Ectopic endometrial tissue is dispersed to various sites in the peritoneal cavity- associated with dysmenorrhoea

Question 16

Describe lactobacillus effects in the vagina

Answer 16

Found in the normal vaginal floraUses glycogen to produce lactic acidMaintains a low pH environment

Question 17

Give the different layer of the uterine endometrium

Answer 17

Stratum basalisStratum functionalis

Question 18

What is the position of the uterus?

Answer 18

Anteverted in relation to vaginaAnte-flexed in relation to cervix