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Human Sexuality II > STIs > Flashcards

STIs Flashcards

1
Q

Who is at increased risk of contracting STIs? (10)

A
  • People who haveSexual contact with person(s) with known STD
  • Youth under 25 with multiple partners
  • Street involvement (homeless)
  • Intercourse with new partner in the last 2 months
  • More than 2 sexual partners in previous 12 months
  • People who don’t use contraception
  • Injection drug users
  • MSM
  • Commercial sex workers
  • Immigrants from STD endemic countries
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2
Q

What are 6 common presentations of common STDs?

A
  • lumps and bumps
  • Discharge and burning
  • Blisters and ulcers
  • Rashes
  • Itching
  • Pain during sex
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3
Q

What are three infectious causes of lumps and bumps?

A
  • Warts
  • Herpes
  • Molluscum
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4
Q

What are three non-infectious causes of lumps and bumps?

A
  • Pearly penile papules
  • Seborrheic keratoses
  • Moles
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5
Q

What STI is caused by a pox virus? What is treatment?

A

Mollescum contagiosum

Not necessarily a STI and will resolve on their own. Liquid nitrogen can be used to remove warts.

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6
Q

What causes genital warts?

A

HPV

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7
Q

What is the most common STD?

A

Human papillomavirus (10-30% of human adult population infected)

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8
Q

How does HPV infect you?

A

It gets into epidermis and sits in the stratum basale.

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9
Q

What are the two low-risk HPV types?

A

6 and 11

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10
Q

What are the four high-risk HPV types?

A

16, 35, 18 and 45

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11
Q

What is exophytic HPV?

A

Where genital warts are large, crystalline and rampant

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12
Q

Is it possible to get HPV in another place besides the genitals?

A

Yes, oral HPV and respiratory papillomatosis

More common in men than in women

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13
Q

Does HPV ever clear on its own?

A

Sometimes, there is no guaranteed cure.

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14
Q

What is a common test for HPV?

A

PAP smears

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15
Q

What types of HPV cause cervical cancer?

A

16 and 18

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16
Q

What are 4 clinical treatments for genital warts?

A
  • Podophyllin resin
  • Cryotherapy
  • Trichloroacetic acid
  • Excusuibak treatments
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17
Q

What are two patient applied treatments for genital warts?

A
  • Podofilox

- Imiquimod

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18
Q

What types of HPV does the vaccine protect against?

A

16/18 and 6/11

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19
Q

What are two common causes of urethritis (discharge from urethra)?

A
  • Gonorrhea

- Chlamydia

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20
Q

What are 5 common causes of vaginitis/cervicitis (discharge)?

A
  • Gonorrhea
  • Chlamydia
  • Bacterial vaginosis
  • Trichomonas
  • Candida (yeast)
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21
Q

What are six non-infectious causes of discharge?

A
  • Excessive physiologic secretions
  • Allergic reaction
  • Skin conditions
  • Foreign body
  • Trauma
  • Lack of proper vaginal lubrication during intercourse
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22
Q

What is bacterial vaginosis?

A

Not an STI. Due to alteration of the normal vagina flora

  • Increase in pH
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Fishy odour
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23
Q

What is a method of detecting bacterial vaginosis?

A

pH, microscope smear, KOH whiff test

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24
Q

What are the symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis?

A

50% is asymptomatic

There may be profuse gray/yellow discharge

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25
Q

What is the bacterial cause of gonorrhea (the clap)?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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26
Q

What is the cause and consequences of chlamydia?

A

Intracellular bacteria

Most cases are asymptomatic but there can be long term carriage and it can lead to PID, infertility and ectopic pregnancies

27
Q

How does chlamydia and gonorrhea present?

A

Urethritis and cervicitis

28
Q

Besides at the urethra and cervix, where else can gonorrhea present?

A
  • Throat
  • Rectum
  • Eye
  • Disseminated infection (raised lumps around body)
29
Q

What is the principle cause of chlamydia transmission?

A

Fecal matter. In 3rd world countries this can be from swarming flies

30
Q

What is conjunctivitis and how is it caused by an STI?

A

DIscharge from the eye, which may cause blindness. Can be caused from a chlamydial infection. Particularly in 3rd world countries where sanitation is poor and flying insects can spread it

31
Q

Who should get routine screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea? (3)

A
  • Sexually active women under 25
  • Pregnant women with a new sexual partner in 3rd trimester
  • MSM should get throat and rectal screening
32
Q

How is chlamydia and gonorrhea diagnosed?

A
  • Urine sample from men

- Vaginal swab for women

33
Q

What is a problem facing gonorrhea/chlamydia treatment?

A

The bacteria that causes it is getting resistant to the only oral option

33
Q

What is a problem facing gonorrhea/chlamydia treatment?

A

The bacteria that causes it is getting resistant to the only oral option

34
Q

What are three causes of blisters and ulcers?

A
  • Herpes simplex virus
  • Syphilis
  • Chancroid
34
Q

What are three causes of blisters and ulcers?

A
  • Herpes simplex virus
  • Syphilis
  • Chancroid
35
Q

What is ‘the great pox?’

A

Syphilis

Caused by spirochete bacteria

35
Q

What is ‘the great pox?’

A

Syphilis

Caused by spirochete bacteria

36
Q

What are the four stages of syphilis?

A
  • Primary localized stage (chancre)
  • Secondary disseminated stage (rash)
  • Latent stage
  • Tertiary syphilis (can cause paresis of the insane)
36
Q

What are the four stages of syphilis?

A
  • Primary localized stage (chancre)
  • Secondary disseminated stage (rash)
  • Latent stage
  • Tertiary syphilis (can cause paresis of the insane)
37
Q

What are three high risk activities for syphilis transmission?

A
  • Anonymous sex
  • Oral sex
  • Rimming
37
Q

What are three high risk activities for syphilis transmission?

A
  • Anonymous sex
  • Oral sex
  • Rimming
38
Q

What is the diagnosis for syphilis called?

A

Serology

38
Q

What is the diagnosis for syphilis called?

A

Serology

39
Q

What type of HSV has highest recurrence?

A

HSV 2

39
Q

What type of HSV has highest recurrence?

A

HSV 2

40
Q

Genital infections can be caused by what types of HSV?

A

HSV 1 and HSV 2

40
Q

Genital infections can be caused by what types of HSV?

A

HSV 1 and HSV 2

41
Q

What are three stages of a herpes outbreak?

A
  • Vesicles
  • Ulcer formation (painful!)
  • Crust/healing
41
Q

What are three stages of a herpes outbreak?

A
  • Vesicles
  • Ulcer formation (painful!)
  • Crust/healing
42
Q

How is herpes most often transmitted?

A

Asymptomatic shedding

42
Q

How is herpes most often transmitted?

A

Asymptomatic shedding

43
Q

How is herpes diagnosed?

A
  • Serology
  • PCR
  • Direct examination
43
Q

How is herpes diagnosed?

A
  • Serology
  • PCR
  • Direct examination
44
Q

What are three causes of genital itching?

A
  • Vulvovaginitis
  • Scabies
  • Crabs
56
Q

What are three causes of genital itching?

A
  • Vulvovaginitis
  • Scabies
  • Crabs
57
Q

Why is the term STD no longer used?

A

STDs refer only to infections causing symptoms

58
Q

How does chlamydia make a women infertile?

A

It is asymptomatic so can progress subtly, causes scarring of the fallopian tubes from pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

59
Q

Is it possible for a mom to transmit herpes to her baby during birth?

A

Yes

60
Q

What is vaginitis?

A

An irritation or inflammation of the vagina, usually causing a discharge

61
Q

What is Monilla?

A

A form of vaginitis causing a thick, which discharge, also called candida or yeast infection

62
Q

What is cystitis?

A

An infection of the urinary bladder in women, causing painful burning urination

63
Q

What is prostatitis?

A

An infection, inflammation or swelling of the prostate gland

Human Sexuality II (7 decks)

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