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Human Sexuality II > Sex and aging > Flashcards

Sex and aging Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of Canadian adults marry?

A

95%

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2
Q

Many never married adults live in ________ relationships?

A

Common law relationships

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3
Q

What is the increasingly common alternative to marriage?

A

Cohabitation, living together (possibly in a common-law relationship).

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4
Q

Do cohabiting couples have more or less sex than married couples?

A

More!

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5
Q

What are some common problems after marriage? (3) (these are for heterosexual and homosexual marriage)

A
  • Negotiating roles
  • Sexial problems may become more of a source os dissatisfaction once rose-coloured glasses come off
  • Hard to find time for sex in age of dual earners
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6
Q

What is a decline in sex after first year of marriage called?

A

Habituation

Decline in ongoing years may reflect physical factors that can occur due to aging

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7
Q

What is sexual activity between a person in a committed relationship and someone other than that person’s partner called?

A

Extradyadic sex

This does not necessarily mean cheating or infidelity

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8
Q

What are four circumstances where extradyadic sex can occur?

A
  • Accidental
  • Romantic infidelity
  • Open relationship/marriage
  • Philanderers
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9
Q

How many people engage in extramarital sex?

A

Not as many as you’d think.

25% men
15% women

Rates vary across the country

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10
Q

What is it called where married couples exchange partners with each other or include a third partner?

A

Swinging

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11
Q

How has technology most impacted extradyadic sex?

A

Internet infidelity

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12
Q

What does equity theory say about extramarital sex?

A

People mentally calculate the benefits and costs for them in a relationship of extradyadic sex

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13
Q

What is it called when someone has more than one simultaneous intimate relationship?

A

Polyamory

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14
Q

How long do widowed and divorced women who have postmarital sex begin a relationship after end of marriage?

A

1 year

If postmarital sex doesn’t occur in one year, likeliness of postmarital relationship drops.

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15
Q

Which are more sexually active after a marriage? Men or women?

A

Men

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16
Q

What are 3 myths about sex and aging?

A
  • Sex is for the young
  • Older people are not able to enjoy sex
  • Older people are physically unattractive and therefore sexually undesirable
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17
Q

What is the period of change where both genders experience hormonal decline during midlife?

A

The climacteric

18
Q

What are seven signs of a climacteric in men?

A
  • Gradual decline in amount of bio-available testosterone
  • Decrease in the urgency of sexual desire
  • More difficult to gain and maintain an erection
  • Less rigid erection
  • Increased refractory period
  • REduced force and volume of ejaculate
  • More stimulation required may improve control over orgasm
19
Q

When does testosterone in men begin declining?

A

Around 40

20
Q

What are six signs of a climacteric in women?

A
  • Thinning of vaginal wall
  • Reduced elasticity of the vagina
  • Less engorgement of labia
  • Reduced vaginal and uterine contraction during orgasm
  • Slowing and reduced vaginal lubrication
  • Menopause (the end of menstrual periods)
21
Q

What are three factors that increase sexual desire in people after the climacteric?

A
  • No fear of pregnancy
  • Improved ejaculatory control
  • More privacy, time and money
22
Q

What is the discrimination of elders called?

A

Ageism

23
Q

What are 6 sociocultural factors for negative opinions of sex and the aging?

A
  • Ageism
  • Institutions that provide no opportunity for sex among elders
  • Social perception of sex among elders as ‘cute,’ troublesome or disagreeable
  • Perception of elders as vulnerable
  • Social isolation
  • Lack of a partner
24
Q

Who are more likely to not have a partner as they age?

A

Women, men die quicker.

25
Q

List 7 factors that decrease sexual desire in the aging?

A
  • Lack of partner (esp for women)
  • Older men remarry younger women
  • Age is less valued in women
  • Non-supportive partner
  • Slow sexual response may provoke anxiety
  • Fatigue and excessive alcohol
  • Negative body image (esp among women)
26
Q

What are 6 issues that affect the sexuality of older women?

A
  • Double standard of aging (older men valued more)
  • Lasting effects of gender-role socialization
  • Generational attitudes about discussing sex or seeking help about sex
  • Bereavement
  • Marital or elder abuse
  • Caregiver disapproval
27
Q

What are three positive factors of aging in homosexual community?

A
  • May have have advantage in coping with stereotyping and stigma
  • Less confined to rigid gender roles
  • Higher degree of independence and self sufficiency
28
Q

Do married couples who have cohabitated with each other before marriage divorce less or more often than other married people?

A

More often!

29
Q

What is the number one people give for getting married?

A

Signifying their commitment

30
Q

On average, sexual encounters of married couples last how long?

A

About 20 minutes

31
Q

What are the two most common ways of initiating sex for married couples?

A
  1. Direct verbal statement

2. Kissing passionately

32
Q

Are married men or women more likely to refuse their partner’s initiation in sex?

A

Both just as likely to refuse sex, despite stereotypes.

33
Q

True or false? People are more sexuallty satisfied if their partner experiences high sexual rewards and low sexual costs

A

true

34
Q

What type of effect does number of hours worked in a week for married men and women have on frequency of sexual intercourse?

A

Non at all! THe quality of work is more associated with sexual outcomes

35
Q

If a person approves or disapproves in extradyadic sex, does this make them more likely to have it?

A

No

36
Q

Equity theory predicts extradyadic sex when ___?

A

When one partner believes that they are putting more into the relationship than what they are getting from it.

37
Q

What is the beginning of menopause and the climacteric called in women?

A

perimenopause

38
Q

What is male menopause called?

A

Andropause

39
Q

What are two factors that maintain sexual capacity in old age according to Masters and Johnson?

A
  • Regular sex is good for physical and mental health

- Regularity of sexual expression keeps sex organs vital

40
Q

What is the most common sexual problem that older men have?

A

Erectile difficulties

41
Q

What is the most common sexual problem that older women have?

A

Low desire

Human Sexuality II (7 decks)

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