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PNCB CPNP-PC > STIs > Flashcards

STIs Flashcards

1
Q

Chlamydia - Causes/Incidence
> C. -1-
> Most -2- in the U.S.
> Remains the -3- of -4-

A
  1. trachomatis
  2. common bacterial STI
  3. most common cause
  4. cervicitis and urethritis
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2
Q 
Chlamydia - S/S
> Females: -1-
>> -2- bleeding
>> -3-
>> Vaginal -4-
A
  1. often asymptomatic
  2. postcoital
  3. Dyspareunia
  4. discharge
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3
Q 
Chlamydia - S/S
> Males: -1-
>> -2-
>> -3- discharge
>> -4- pain
>> Rectal -5-
A
  1. often asymptomatic
  2. dysuria
  3. Thick, cloudy, penile
  4. testicular
  5. tenesmus
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4
Q

Chlamydia
Lab/Dx
> -1- to detect -2-

Mgmt
> Infants and Children
» < forty-five kg: little data; erythromycin base or ethyl succinate fifty mg/kg/day PO QID x fourteen days
» Weighing forty-five+ kg: -4- PO, -5-
» less than eight years of age: may use -5- as an alternate to -3-
» -5- becomes the standard from adolescence forward

A
  1. Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)/culture
  2. bacterial DNA/RNA
  3. Azithromycin 1 gram
  4. single dose
  5. doxycycline (100 mg PO BID x 7 days)
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5
Q

Chlamydia - Mgmt
> During -1-
» -2- PO x 1 dose
» Alternative: -3- PO TID x 7 days

A
  1. pregnancy
  2. Azithromycin 1 g
  3. amoxicillin 500 mg
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6
Q

Gonorrhea
Causes/Incidence
> Causes -1- and -2- in women
> -3- among females

S/S
> Females are -4-
» -5- discharge

A
  1. urethritis in men
  2. cervicitis
  3. leading infertility cause
  4. often asymptomatic
  5. copious mucopurulent discharge
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7
Q 
Gonorrhea - S/S
> Males are -1-
>> -2-
>> Urinary -3-
>> -4- discharge
>> -5- pain
A
  1. often asymptomatic
  2. dysuria
  3. frequency
  4. white/yellow-green penile
  5. testicular
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8
Q

Gonorrhea - Lab/Dx

> -1- using modified -2-: endocervical or urethral (male)

A
  1. Culture

2. Thayer-Martin media (“G-plate”)

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9
Q 
Gonorrhea - Mgmt
> -1-
>> Neonate: 20-50 mg/kg IV or IM x1; cap @ 250mg
>> 45- kg: minimum 25 mg/kg
>> 45-150 kg: 500 mg IM (including -2-)
>> 150+ kg: 1g
> If -3- ruled out
>> in adolescents/adults pt: -4- BID x 7 days
>> in -2-: -5- PO x 1 dose
A
  1. Ceftriaxone
  2. Pregnant women
  3. chlamydia not
  4. Doxycycline 100 mg PO
  5. Azithromycin 1 g
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10
Q

Syphilis
Def: STD involving multiple organ systems and cause dby t. pallidum, a -1-; the caustive orgaism may be transmitted across the placenta

S/S
Clinical Stages
> -2-
>> -3- present at site of infection common at 3 wks after exposure
>> -3- is -4-
A
  1. spirochete
  2. Primary
  3. Chancre
  4. indurated and painless
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11
Q

Syphilis - Clinical Stages
> -1-
» -2- [-3-], esp. on the palms and soles

A
  1. secondary
  2. generalized maculopapular rash
  3. pityriasis rosea (copper-red, scaly, nonpruritic)
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12
Q

Syphilis - Clinical Stages
> -1-
» -2-
» About -3- of untreated cases devleop -4-

A
  1. Latent
  2. seropositive, but asymptomatic
  3. 15-30%
  4. tertiary syphilis
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13
Q

Syphilis - Clinical Stages
> Tertiary
» -1- insufficiency: -2- inflammation & regurgitation
» Infiltrative tumors of the -3-, -4-, and -5-

A
  1. Cardiovascular
  2. aneurysms and aortic
  3. skin
  4. bones
  5. liver
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14
Q

Syphilis - Serologic Tests
> -1- with non–5-: -2- and/or the -3-
> -4- with one of the -5-

A
  1. screening
  2. VDRL (venereal disease research laboratory)
  3. rapid plasma reagin (RPR)
  4. confirmed
  5. treponemal antibody tests (there are many)
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15
Q

Syphilis - Management
> -1-
» Primary through early latent acquired syphilis, and unconfirmed congenital (neonatal): 50k u/kg IM, cap 2.4 mil u
» Late latent/indeterminant acquired syphilis: IM weekly x 3
> -2-: -3- 100 PO BID OR -4- 500 mg QID
» Early latent: 2-week regimen
» Late latent or unknown: 4-week regimen
» Not acceptable for patients during pregnancy
> -5-

A
  1. Benzathine PCN G
  2. PCN sensitive
  3. Doxycycline
  4. Tetracycline
  5. Report to HHS (along with gonorrhea, and chlamyidia)
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16
Q

Herpes - Causes
> HSV
» -1-: Found on the lips, face, and mucosa
» -2-: found on the genitalia
> Transmission by -3- with -4- or by virus containing fluid (e.g., saliva or cervial secretions)

A
  1. Type 1
  2. Type 2
  3. direct contact
  4. active lesions
17
Q

Herpes - S/S

> -1-: -2-, malaise, dysuria, -3- lasting -4-

A
  1. Initial
  2. fever
  3. painful/pruritic lesions
  4. 2-4 weeks
18
Q

Herpes - S/S

> -1-: -2- ulcers for a -3-

A
  1. Recurrent
  2. less painful/pruritic
  3. shorter duration
19
Q

Herpes
Lab/Dx
> -1- from a lesion
> -2- from a lesion

Mgmt
> -3- recommended for topical, oral, and IV use
> -4-
> -5-: esp. useful for reducing asymptomatic shedding of HSV-2

A
  1. NAAT (Nucleic Acid Ampilfication Test)
  2. Culture
  3. Acyclovir
  4. famciclovir
  5. valacyclovir (valtrex)
20
Q

HIV/AIDS
Def: a disorder characterized by immunodeficiency as the result of infections -1-

Epidemiology
> -2-
>> Perinatal
>>> typically -3-
>> Postnatal
>>> -4- is -5- route
A
  1. caused by HIV
  2. modes of transmission
  3. maternal infant
  4. breastfeeding
  5. primary postnatal vertical
21
Q 
HIV/AIDS - S/S
> -1- and falling ratio of HC to ht/wt
> -2-
> -3- delay
> -4-, generalized -5-
A
  1. LBW
  2. recurrent infections
  3. developmental
  4. hepatosplenomegaly
  5. lymphadenopathy
22
Q

HIV/AIDS - Lab/Dx
> Screening
» Inital testing: HIV-1/2 -1-
» confrimatory testing: HIV-1/2 -2-

A
  1. antigen/-body immunoassay

2. antibody differentiation immunoassay

23
Q

HIV/AIDS - mgmt
> Prevention of -1-
» bactrim for -2- and toxoplasmosis prevention
> Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
» -3- is standard
» When to start ART is contraversial
»> DHHS & Int’l AIDS Society-USA both recommend starting medications at the time of -4-, regardless of -5-

A
  1. opportunistic infection
  2. pneumocystis pneumonia (P. jiroveci)
  3. Combination therapy
  4. HIV-positive diagnosis
  5. CD4 count
24
Q

While non-specific scaly rashes are common in -1-, it is important to -2- so that management is appropriate. Scaly patches that are -3- and involve the torso, palms of the hands, and -4- should prompt consideration of secondary syphilis for which the -5- test is appropriate.

A
  1. children and adolescents
  2. differentiate possible causes
  3. copper in color
  4. soles of feet
  5. nontreponemal (RPR)
25
Q

Secondary Syphilis
If the nontreponemal (RPR) is positive, a -1- should be ordered. In 2015-2016, the rate of -2- syphilis cases -3-among teens aged 15-19 years.

-4- is appropriate for pityriasis rosea, although oral -5- may be used for those who have associated itching.

A
  1. confirmatory treponemal test
  2. primary and secondary
  3. increased 13%
  4. Active nonintervention
  5. antihistamines
26
Q

Culturing of scraped specimens is used to test for -1-. While topical steroids are effective for -2-, -2- are rarely found on the -3-. Oral antifungal medications may be used in the treatment of -4-.

A
  1. herpes infection
  2. eczematous lesions
  3. palms/soles of hands/feet
  4. tinea versicolor
27
Q

As a result of being born to a mother with gonorrhea, a neonate with -1- from his right eye, so much so that his eye seems to be glued shut, most likely has gonococcal conjunctivitis. In severe cases, hospitalization is required, along with a treatment of -2- administered -3-.

Other -4-, used in high doses for short periods of time, may mask or delay the symptoms of incubating gonorrhea or syphilis but would not treat the pathology. -5- is used to treat infants with other bacterial conjunctivitises.

A
  1. copious purulent discharge
  2. ceftriaxone or penicillin G
  3. intravenously
  4. antimicrobial agents/azithromycin
  5. Erythromycin
28
Q

A patient is considered to have AIDS if their -1- is -2-; the physiologic range of -1- is between -3-. HIV targets and corrupts -1-, making the patient vulnerable to AIDS.

A
  1. CD4 cells/count
  2. less than 200
  3. 500 and 1500

PNCB CPNP-PC (19 decks)

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