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PNCB CPNP-PC > Immunization > Flashcards

Immunization Flashcards

1
Q

all vaccines are given in -1- volume exept -2-

A
  1. 0.5 mL

2. flu

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2
Q

Hep B - 1st dose, given at -1-
Hep B + mom: vax & HBIG w/in -2- of birth; test for antigen/body after -3- of vax series
Unknown: HBIG w/in -4-
Third dose: -5-

A
  1. birth
  2. 12 hours
  3. 3+ doses
  4. 1 week
  5. 6 months of age or sooner
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3
Q

Rotavirus - administrated -1-
at ages -2-
Not administered after -3-

A
  1. orally
  2. 2 months & 4 months (and maybe 6 months)
  3. 32 weeks (8 months)
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4
Q

Dtap (vs Tdap)
> -1- corresponding with the -2-
> -3- doses
> none after -4- of age or for -5-

A
  1. more immunization material
  2. capital/first letter (diphteria and tetanus respectively)
  3. 5
  4. 7 years
  5. Pregnant women
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5
Q

Tdap - at -1- old; every -2-: booster

> ACIP recommends -3- of Tdap during -4-

A
  1. 11 years
  2. 10 years
  3. routine immunization
  4. all pregnancies (pref. 3rd trimester, but any time is safe, if needed sooner)
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6
Q

Hib: -1- series w/ booster in -2-
As early as -3-
No older than -4-

A
  1. 3-dose
  2. toddlerhood
  3. 6 weeks
  4. 5 years
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7
Q

PCV13 schedule: -1-

PCV23 - can be given as young as -2- if patient has -3- such as -4-; but is made for -5-

A
  1. 3 infant, 1 toddler
  2. 2 years
  3. immune problems
  4. HIV, sickle cell, hemoglobinopathy
  5. older children and adults
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8
Q

Polio is an -1- type of immunization, and is given -2-

A
  1. Inactivated

2. Intramuscularly (not orally anymore)

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9
Q 
MMR & Varicella - both are -1- series
They are -2- 
Given at -3-
Space MMR out from -4-
Give them as individual formulations at -5-
A
  1. 2 dose
  2. LIVE VACCINES (two/three along with rotavirus)
  3. 12-15 months (MMR - travelling to endemic area: early as 6 mo., doesn’t count toward the series)
  4. PPD
  5. the first dose; the second dose can be/is combined
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10
Q

HepA: -1- series
Caveats: -2-

A
  1. 2-dose

2. none

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11
Q

Meningitis ACWY: -1- if started at -2-

If started at -3-, no booster required

A
  1. 2-dose
  2. 11 (booster at 16)
  3. 16+
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12
Q

Men B: -1- dose(s), starting age -2- for -3- groups, e.g. -4-

A
  1. one
  2. 16-18
  3. high-risk
  4. college students, sickle cell (other immunocompromised)
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13
Q

HPV: as early as -1- (-2- dose(s) up to age 15; -3- dose(s) if started after 15 yo)
protects against -4- strain(s) of the virus
Caveat: possible -5-

A
  1. 9 yo
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 9
  5. vasovagal response (rest for 15 minutes after administration)
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14
Q

What to consider when administering catch-ups:

-1- and what -2-; not what -3-

A
  1. Current age
  2. they should currently have on board
  3. they’ve “missed”
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15
Q

Contraindications
Polio: -1-
Varicella: -2-

A
  1. streptomycin allergy

2. streptomycin allergy and pregnancy

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16
Q

The -1- for children two years and older with underlying -2- put them at risk for invasive pneumococcal disease caused by -3- acquired by otherwise healthy children.

A
  1. PPSV23 (23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine) is recommended
  2. medical conditions that
  3. serotypes not usually
17
Q

Medical conditions that put children 2+ at increased risk for -1- include sickle cell disease, hemoglobinopathies, congenital -2-, HIV infection, chronic -3-, -4- syndrome, and other illnesses associated with -5- and immunodeficiency.

A
  1. invasive pneumococcal disease
  2. and acquired asplenia
  3. renal failure
  4. nephrotic
  5. immunosuppressive medications
18
Q

In particular, if -1- or elective splenectomy is planned or -2- is expected, the PPSV23 should be administered -3- before the planned procedure.

A
  1. cochlear implant
  2. immunosuppressive therapy
  3. two weeks
19
Q

A second dose of PPSV23 is administered -1- after the first for those individuals with a condition that causes -2-, including -3-.

A
  1. five years
  2. immunocompromise
  3. asplenia
20
Q

There are no indications for PPSV23 related to -1-. While immunization of -2- immunity, there are no special indications for this vaccine related to -3-.

A
  1. travel
  2. groups offers herd
  3. siblings with HIV
21
Q

Medical conditions that put -1- at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease include -2-, particularly those associated with -3-, chronic lung diseases including asthma requiring -4-, diabetes mellitus, -5-, & cochlear implants.

A
  1. children 2+
  2. chronic heart disease/failure
  3. cyanosis
  4. high-dose steroid therapy
  5. cerebrospinal fluid leaks
22
Q

Vaccination for protection against MMR and varicella is -1- with the primary dose given at 12-15 months of age. If the MMR vaccine is administered for -2- months of age, it is not counted toward -1-.

The combination vaccine MMRV -3- for -1-; however, the MMRV vaccine is associated with the possibility of a -4- and a two-fold increase in febrile seizures as compared to MMR and varicella administered as -5- on the same day.

A
  1. a/the 2-dose series
  2. travel before 12
  3. can be used
  4. subsequently higher fever
  5. separate vaccinations
23
Q

Because of the risk of -1-, the ACIP recommends separate MMR and varicella vaccines for -2- unless the caregiver understands and -3-. For children with a personal or family -4-, the ACIP recommends separate vaccination on the same day -5- of the series.

A
  1. high fever/febrile seizures
  2. the primary dose
  3. prefers the MMRV
  4. history of seizures
  5. for both doses
24
Q

Contraindications to MMR and varicella vaccines include -1-, untreated tuberculosis, -2- state, or -3- to any component of the vaccines. Live vaccines, if not administered on -4-, need to be separated by at least 30 days to -5-.

A
  1. pregnancy
  2. immunocompromised
  3. anaphylaxis
  4. the same day
  5. be valid/provide protection
25
Q

If for some reason -1- has never been vaccinated against MMR and varicella, and there is -2- of seizures, the child may receive the MMRV for the -3- as the occurrence of a -4- in -1- is uncommon.

A
  1. a 4-year old
  2. no personal/family history
  3. primary dose
  4. first febrile seizure
26
Q

Vaccinations have -1- the incidence, prevalence, -2- of a number of -3- in the Western world. It is estimated that -4- childhood immunizations for an annual U.S. birth cohort -5- million illnesses and over 40,000 deaths and saves nearly $70 billion in costs.

A
  1. significantly reduced
  2. morbidity and mortality
  3. communicable diseases
  4. administration of recommended
  5. prevents approximately 20
27
Q

Proof of immunization is -1- for child care and school attendance in -2-. -2- provide -3- from required immunization for -4-, such as allergy to or a history of a -5- to a vaccine or its components, and underlying health conditions such as immunosuppression.

A
  1. required by law
  2. all U.S. states (and the District of Columbia)
  3. for exemption
  4. medical reasons
  5. significant reaction
28
Q

-1- allow exemptions from vaccinations based on -2-, and -3- allow exemptions based on philosophical or personal beliefs. Evidence supports that -4- of vaccine exemptions correlate with -4- of -5-.

A
  1. Most states
  2. religious beliefs
  3. almost half
  4. higher rates
  5. vaccine-preventable illnesses/disease outbreaks
29
Q

Herd immunity, also known as -1- immunity, provides -2- for -3- by decreasing the incidence of vaccine-preventable illnesses and their -4- in communities with -5- of immunized individuals.

A
  1. population or community
  2. indirect protection
  3. unimmunized individuals
  4. subsequent spread
  5. sufficient numbers
30
Q

-1- vaccinated children are at greater risk for -2-. Children who are -3- for medical reasons increase the -4- individuals in a population, thus contributing to decreased herd immunity.

A
  1. Unvaccinated or incompletely
  2. contracting vaccine-preventable diseases
  3. exempted from vaccination
  4. number of susceptible
31
Q

The AAP supports -1- for immunization for childcare and school attendance, and -2- for specific vaccines for individual children. The AAP, along with the American Medical Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America, supports -3- nonmedical exemptions for childhood vaccines.

As stated in its policy statement, the AAP regards nonmedical vaccine exemptions as -4-, public health, and -5-.

A
  1. legal requirements
  2. medically indicated exemptions
  3. elimination of all
  4. inappropriate for individual
  5. ethical reasons
32
Q

Male and female adolescents should receive the following vaccinations: -1-, -2-, and the -3-. The American Academy of Pediatrics immunization charts recommend yearly -4- vaccinations for all ages, not just adolescents.

The -5- vaccines are recommended for children with certain health conditions that predispose them to serious diseases, but not for all children.

A
  1. Tdap
  2. MenACWY (MC4)
  3. human papillomavirus vaccine
  4. influenza
  5. PPSV23 (23PS) and HepA
33
Q

Although the -1- is usually given to children eleven to twelve years of age, according to the AAP 2012 immunization schedule, children between the ages of -2- should be given the -1- if their immunization history is unknown.

-3- are recommended for children seven years of age or younger. -4- is administered for tetanus wound management. The -5- is used as a booster only after the initial -1- has been administered.

A
  1. Tdap vaccine
  2. seven and ten
  3. DTaP vaccines
  4. Tetanus immune globulin
  5. Td vaccine
34
Q

Since an inactivated polio vaccine contains trace amounts of -1-, there is a possibility of hypersensitive reactions, such as anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock, in anyone who has ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to -2-, such as -1-, and -3-.

A
  1. streptomycin and neomycin
  2. antibiotics
  3. polymyxin B
35
Q

-1-, or allergies to -2-, -3-, or -4- are cause for concern in the smallpox vaccine, DTaP (rarely), the flu vaccine, and nothing respectively, they are not relevant allergen considerations when administering the polio vaccine.

A
  1. Eczema
  2. milk
  3. eggs
  4. pollen

PNCB CPNP-PC (19 decks)

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