Immunization Flashcards
all vaccines are given in -1- volume exept -2-
- 0.5 mL
2. flu
Hep B - 1st dose, given at -1-
Hep B + mom: vax & HBIG w/in -2- of birth; test for antigen/body after -3- of vax series
Unknown: HBIG w/in -4-
Third dose: -5-
- birth
- 12 hours
- 3+ doses
- 1 week
- 6 months of age or sooner
Rotavirus - administrated -1-
at ages -2-
Not administered after -3-
- orally
- 2 months & 4 months (and maybe 6 months)
- 32 weeks (8 months)
Dtap (vs Tdap)
> -1- corresponding with the -2-
> -3- doses
> none after -4- of age or for -5-
- more immunization material
- capital/first letter (diphteria and tetanus respectively)
- 5
- 7 years
- Pregnant women
Tdap - at -1- old; every -2-: booster
> ACIP recommends -3- of Tdap during -4-
- 11 years
- 10 years
- routine immunization
- all pregnancies (pref. 3rd trimester, but any time is safe, if needed sooner)
Hib: -1- series w/ booster in -2-
As early as -3-
No older than -4-
- 3-dose
- toddlerhood
- 6 weeks
- 5 years
PCV13 schedule: -1-
PCV23 - can be given as young as -2- if patient has -3- such as -4-; but is made for -5-
- 3 infant, 1 toddler
- 2 years
- immune problems
- HIV, sickle cell, hemoglobinopathy
- older children and adults
Polio is an -1- type of immunization, and is given -2-
- Inactivated
2. Intramuscularly (not orally anymore)
MMR & Varicella - both are -1- series They are -2- Given at -3- Space MMR out from -4- Give them as individual formulations at -5-
- 2 dose
- LIVE VACCINES (two/three along with rotavirus)
- 12-15 months (MMR - travelling to endemic area: early as 6 mo., doesn’t count toward the series)
- PPD
- the first dose; the second dose can be/is combined
HepA: -1- series
Caveats: -2-
- 2-dose
2. none
Meningitis ACWY: -1- if started at -2-
If started at -3-, no booster required
- 2-dose
- 11 (booster at 16)
- 16+
Men B: -1- dose(s), starting age -2- for -3- groups, e.g. -4-
- one
- 16-18
- high-risk
- college students, sickle cell (other immunocompromised)
HPV: as early as -1- (-2- dose(s) up to age 15; -3- dose(s) if started after 15 yo)
protects against -4- strain(s) of the virus
Caveat: possible -5-
- 9 yo
- 2
- 3
- 9
- vasovagal response (rest for 15 minutes after administration)
What to consider when administering catch-ups:
-1- and what -2-; not what -3-
- Current age
- they should currently have on board
- they’ve “missed”
Contraindications
Polio: -1-
Varicella: -2-
- streptomycin allergy
2. streptomycin allergy and pregnancy
The -1- for children two years and older with underlying -2- put them at risk for invasive pneumococcal disease caused by -3- acquired by otherwise healthy children.
- PPSV23 (23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine) is recommended
- medical conditions that
- serotypes not usually
Medical conditions that put children 2+ at increased risk for -1- include sickle cell disease, hemoglobinopathies, congenital -2-, HIV infection, chronic -3-, -4- syndrome, and other illnesses associated with -5- and immunodeficiency.
- invasive pneumococcal disease
- and acquired asplenia
- renal failure
- nephrotic
- immunosuppressive medications
In particular, if -1- or elective splenectomy is planned or -2- is expected, the PPSV23 should be administered -3- before the planned procedure.
- cochlear implant
- immunosuppressive therapy
- two weeks
A second dose of PPSV23 is administered -1- after the first for those individuals with a condition that causes -2-, including -3-.
- five years
- immunocompromise
- asplenia
There are no indications for PPSV23 related to -1-. While immunization of -2- immunity, there are no special indications for this vaccine related to -3-.
- travel
- groups offers herd
- siblings with HIV
Medical conditions that put -1- at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease include -2-, particularly those associated with -3-, chronic lung diseases including asthma requiring -4-, diabetes mellitus, -5-, & cochlear implants.
- children 2+
- chronic heart disease/failure
- cyanosis
- high-dose steroid therapy
- cerebrospinal fluid leaks
Vaccination for protection against MMR and varicella is -1- with the primary dose given at 12-15 months of age. If the MMR vaccine is administered for -2- months of age, it is not counted toward -1-.
The combination vaccine MMRV -3- for -1-; however, the MMRV vaccine is associated with the possibility of a -4- and a two-fold increase in febrile seizures as compared to MMR and varicella administered as -5- on the same day.
- a/the 2-dose series
- travel before 12
- can be used
- subsequently higher fever
- separate vaccinations
Because of the risk of -1-, the ACIP recommends separate MMR and varicella vaccines for -2- unless the caregiver understands and -3-. For children with a personal or family -4-, the ACIP recommends separate vaccination on the same day -5- of the series.
- high fever/febrile seizures
- the primary dose
- prefers the MMRV
- history of seizures
- for both doses
Contraindications to MMR and varicella vaccines include -1-, untreated tuberculosis, -2- state, or -3- to any component of the vaccines. Live vaccines, if not administered on -4-, need to be separated by at least 30 days to -5-.
- pregnancy
- immunocompromised
- anaphylaxis
- the same day
- be valid/provide protection
If for some reason -1- has never been vaccinated against MMR and varicella, and there is -2- of seizures, the child may receive the MMRV for the -3- as the occurrence of a -4- in -1- is uncommon.
- a 4-year old
- no personal/family history
- primary dose
- first febrile seizure
Vaccinations have -1- the incidence, prevalence, -2- of a number of -3- in the Western world. It is estimated that -4- childhood immunizations for an annual U.S. birth cohort -5- million illnesses and over 40,000 deaths and saves nearly $70 billion in costs.
- significantly reduced
- morbidity and mortality
- communicable diseases
- administration of recommended
- prevents approximately 20
Proof of immunization is -1- for child care and school attendance in -2-. -2- provide -3- from required immunization for -4-, such as allergy to or a history of a -5- to a vaccine or its components, and underlying health conditions such as immunosuppression.
- required by law
- all U.S. states (and the District of Columbia)
- for exemption
- medical reasons
- significant reaction
-1- allow exemptions from vaccinations based on -2-, and -3- allow exemptions based on philosophical or personal beliefs. Evidence supports that -4- of vaccine exemptions correlate with -4- of -5-.
- Most states
- religious beliefs
- almost half
- higher rates
- vaccine-preventable illnesses/disease outbreaks
Herd immunity, also known as -1- immunity, provides -2- for -3- by decreasing the incidence of vaccine-preventable illnesses and their -4- in communities with -5- of immunized individuals.
- population or community
- indirect protection
- unimmunized individuals
- subsequent spread
- sufficient numbers
-1- vaccinated children are at greater risk for -2-. Children who are -3- for medical reasons increase the -4- individuals in a population, thus contributing to decreased herd immunity.
- Unvaccinated or incompletely
- contracting vaccine-preventable diseases
- exempted from vaccination
- number of susceptible
The AAP supports -1- for immunization for childcare and school attendance, and -2- for specific vaccines for individual children. The AAP, along with the American Medical Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America, supports -3- nonmedical exemptions for childhood vaccines.
As stated in its policy statement, the AAP regards nonmedical vaccine exemptions as -4-, public health, and -5-.
- legal requirements
- medically indicated exemptions
- elimination of all
- inappropriate for individual
- ethical reasons
Male and female adolescents should receive the following vaccinations: -1-, -2-, and the -3-. The American Academy of Pediatrics immunization charts recommend yearly -4- vaccinations for all ages, not just adolescents.
The -5- vaccines are recommended for children with certain health conditions that predispose them to serious diseases, but not for all children.
- Tdap
- MenACWY (MC4)
- human papillomavirus vaccine
- influenza
- PPSV23 (23PS) and HepA
Although the -1- is usually given to children eleven to twelve years of age, according to the AAP 2012 immunization schedule, children between the ages of -2- should be given the -1- if their immunization history is unknown.
-3- are recommended for children seven years of age or younger. -4- is administered for tetanus wound management. The -5- is used as a booster only after the initial -1- has been administered.
- Tdap vaccine
- seven and ten
- DTaP vaccines
- Tetanus immune globulin
- Td vaccine
Since an inactivated polio vaccine contains trace amounts of -1-, there is a possibility of hypersensitive reactions, such as anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock, in anyone who has ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to -2-, such as -1-, and -3-.
- streptomycin and neomycin
- antibiotics
- polymyxin B
-1-, or allergies to -2-, -3-, or -4- are cause for concern in the smallpox vaccine, DTaP (rarely), the flu vaccine, and nothing respectively, they are not relevant allergen considerations when administering the polio vaccine.
- Eczema
- milk
- eggs
- pollen
