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PNCB CPNP-PC > Growth & Development > Flashcards

Growth & Development Flashcards

1
Q

Development is -1- and -2-

A
  1. cephalocaudal

2. proximodistal

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2
Q

Breastfeeding protects infants from different diseases, such as -1-; and decreases -2-, and -3-

A
  1. GERD in premies
  2. Pain, anxiety
  3. Obesity
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3
Q

For sore nipples, our reponse should be…

A

…assessing latch

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4
Q

Concerns for frequent breastfeeding:

A

reassure

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5
Q

Vit D supplementation?

A

400IU Vit D @ 2 months*

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6
Q

plant-based diet in breastfeeding mother

A

Vit B12 supplement

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7
Q

iron and fluoride supplementation from -1-; -2- mg/kg/day of iron - -3- or -4- are other sources

A
  1. 6 mo.
  2. 1
  3. formula
  4. cereal
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8
Q

Growth Trend:

14 days of age

A

back at their birthweight

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9
Q

Teeth:
First: -1-
First molars -2-
Second molars -3-

  • 4-: start losing teeth, and first permanent molars come in
  • 5-: second permanent molars/wisdom teeth
A
  1. 8-12 months - central incisors
  2. 12 months
  3. 24 months
  4. 6 years
  5. 11-13 years
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10
Q

Piaget -1- Birth to 24 months
> -2-: environmental
> 6 mo: -3-
> -4-: dropping objects

A
  1. Sensorimotor
  2. Startle reflex
  3. object permanence
  4. Empirical problem solving
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11
Q

Piaget - - toddlers 2-6 years old

-1&2-

A

Preoperational/preconceptual

  1. self-oriented/centered
  2. magical thinking
    a. animism - humanizing toys; imaginary friends
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12
Q

Piaget, 7-11 year olds: -1-

Affinity for: -2-, and -3-

A
  1. Concrete operational
  2. logic, math, geography
  3. puzzles
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13
Q

Piaget - - 12+ years old

A

(Formal) Operational

abstract problems,

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14
Q 
Erikson 
Infant - 0-1 year -
Toddlers - 1-3 - 
Preschoolers - 3-6 - 
School age - 6-11 - 
Adolescents - 12 - 18 -
A 
- viking - "vs"
 trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
 identity vs. confusion
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15
Q 
Freud
0-6 mo.- - 
7-18 mo. - 
12-35 mo. - 
3-6 y - 
6-12 y - 
13+ -
A 
oral
orally aggressive
anal stage
phallic/yonic stage; oedipal complex
puberty - sexual (gender) stage
genital (sexuality) stage
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16
Q

Corrected gestational age important in -1-
Healthy baby born at 32 weeks
6-month well check: rolling, or lifting head well, but not babbling, crawling, or transferring objects - concerned? -2-
Correction is no longer done at -3-

A
  1. premies
  2. No, this is appropriate for a 4-month-old
  3. 24 months
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17
Q

Bone age

A

found by hand x-ray; describes degree of growth retardation

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18
Q

Gross motor milestones

Sitting alone
Pulling to stand
Standing alone by
Walking

A

7-9 months
9-10 months
12 months
12-14 months

19
Q 
*Fine Motor Milestones, Starting ages*
Reach - 
transfer -
rake - 
finger grasp - 
pincer -
A 
3/4 months
7 months (5/6)
6/7
> 9 months (7/9)
8/10
20
Q 
*Language/Social Dev*
 8/9 months - -1-
9/10 months - -4-
10-12 months - -5-
15/18 - -2-
18/22 - -3-
A

8/9 months - -1. mama, dada; waving bye-bye (to themselves, first); stranger anxiety (6-8 months)
9/10 months - 4. responding to name; separation anxiety (8 or 9 months)
10-12 months - 5. simple pretend play-
15/18 - -2. 1-2 body parts (finding, and speaking)
18/22 - -3. 2-word phrases

21
Q

Development Overall

2-5 months - -1- 
6-9 months - -2-
10-12 months - -3-
13-18 months - -4-
19-24 months - -5-
A
  1. smiling/cooing/laughing aloud; lifting chest while prone; grasping rattle
  2. babbling/mama-dada/turning to sound/name; crawling, high-chair; transferring
  3. purposeful names/recognizing people; pulling up/cruising; pincer grasp, pointing/gesturing/ambidexterity (through 18 months)
  4. simple standalone words; walking alone (no babinski); purposeful coloring/ball-throwing
  5. 2-word phrases; steps, jumping (both feet); 4-block tower/lines & circles
22
Q

Health promotion

blood pressure & snellen chart at age -1-
PHQ-2/9 - -2-

A
  1. 3

2. 12+ yo

23
Q

Lead screening ages

A

6 mo. - 6 years

24
Q

Car seats: rear-facing to age -1-
> The retainer clip should be at -2- to help hold the upper body in place in the event of a collision. Harness straps should be inserted into the slots that are -3- the level the infants’ shoulders.
-4- needs at least a booster until they weigh -5-

A
  1. 12 months
  2. the armpit level
  3. at or below
  4. 4 years/40 lb
  5. 100 lb
25
Q

Growth Trend:

4 months -

A

double BW

26
Q

Growth Trend:

1 year -

A

triple BW

27
Q

GT: 2.5 years -

A

quadruple BW

28
Q

GT:

3 years to school-age -

A

4-6 lb a year

29
Q

GT: school-age -

A

5-7 lb a year

30
Q

Developmental surveillance occurs at -1- and includes listening to -2- and the provider’s observations of the child’s development. -3- such as the ASQ are formal, -4- that score the child’s abilities and are used by the healthcare provider to -5-.

A
  1. every RHA visit
  2. caregiver concerns
  3. Standardized development tools
  4. validated screening tools
  5. identify developmental delays
31
Q

The AAP recommends -1- at 9, 18, and 30 months or when surveillance -2- that warrants more information. -3- may fall into categories such as milestones achieved -4-, -5-, or incorrect completion of the milestone.

A
  1. developmental tool screening
  2. reveals a concern
  3. Abnormalities in development
  4. too early/late
  5. persistence of milestones
32
Q

A five month old who pulls to -1- from supine is demonstrating -2- which is a concern for cerebral palsy. A three month old with a -3- when being pulled to sitting is -4- timeframe for performance.

A
  1. to a standing (rather than sitting) position
  2. muscle rigidity
  3. mild head lag
  4. within an expected
33
Q

Normal newborn infants lose -1- of their birth weight in the -2- of life. It is helpful for parents to be aware of both the -3- weights. The minimum expected weight gain is -4-, and thus for five days a -5- gain is minimally expected.

A
  1. 5% to 10%
  2. first few days
  3. birth and discharge
  4. 0.5 oz/day (14.2 g/day)
  5. 2.5 oz (71 g)
34
Q

For breastfed infants, once the -1- increases, the infant begins to gain weight in the range of -2- or -3-.

A
  1. maternal milk volume
  2. 0.5 to 1 oz/day (14.2 to 28.4 g/day)
  3. 4 to 7 oz/week (113.4 to 198.4 g/week)
35
Q

By -1- age, many breastfed infants have regained their -2-, although others may take up to -3- weeks. Any gain less than -4- would signal a concern for poor -5- or the potential for a serious disease process.

A
  1. 2 weeks of
  2. birth weight
  3. 3 to 4
  4. 0.5 oz/day (14.2 g/day)
  5. breastfeeding
36
Q

A 6 month old can roll from -1-, will -2- and bring them to his mouth, and -3- in response to familiar faces. The 6 month old will -4- but is not yet adept at -5-.

A
  1. tummy to back
  2. reach for objects
  3. smiles and laughs
  4. sit with support
  5. hand-to-hand object transferring
37
Q

The fine pincer grasp is not developed until -1- of age, which is also when the -2- with parents and will recognize when the parents -3-. Infants begin to creep and rock on hands and knees at an age -4- months.

A
  1. beyond 9 months
  2. infant becomes familiar
  3. leave the room
  4. older than 6
38
Q

The physiological and anatomical differences in children should be accounted for in patient care; one such consideration is that a child’s -1- by raising the -2- during the early phase of -3-, giving a -4- of -5- that may lead to too little fluid resuscitation.

A
  1. circulatory system compensates
  2. heart rate/respirations
  3. hypovolemic shock
  4. false impression
  5. physiologic vitals
39
Q

Child/Adult Anotomic/Physiologic Differences
A higher metabolism with a limited store of -1- makes children more susceptible to -2-. The narrow airways lead to difficulties with -3- needs; however, a -4- is not always the first consideration for breathing difficulty.

A
  1. glycogen
  2. hypoglycemia
  3. intubation
  4. tracheotomy
40
Q

Child/Adult Anotomic/Physiologic Differences
Lastly, even though children have -1-, they also have higher -2- per kilogram of body weight and can, thus, be exposed to -3- of -4-.

A
  1. smaller lungs
  2. minute ventilation
  3. larger doses
  4. aerosolized biological/chemical agents
41
Q

An adolescent patient’s problems adjusting to school assignments are not a -1- sign. It would be in -2-, however. If the patient demonstrates any concurrent -3-, such as Difficulty accepting failure, Apparent -4-, and Withdrawal from -5-; then the patient should be further examined.

A
  1. specifically developmental warning
  2. a younger patient
  3. developmental warning signs
  4. personality change
  5. friends and family
42
Q

Children possess the fine motor skills and understanding to draw a person with multiple distinguishable body parts (head, torso, arms, legs) and -1- by -2- of age. At -3- of age, children can draw simple people without detail (head, torso, arms, legs).

Younger children are able to grasp and manipulate larger objects, such as blocks and doorknobs, but do not begin basic drawing, such as copying a circle, until -4-. Most -5- children would not be capable of advanced drawing.

A
  1. detailed features (eyes, smile, feet, hands)
  2. 5 years
  3. 4 years
  4. age 3
  5. 2- to 3-year-old
43
Q

If an infant is demonstrating growth of thirty grams per day during the first three months of life and fifteen to twenty grams per day over the next three months, then the infant is -1- and needs -2-. -3- is not recommended in breastfed babies until after six months of age. -4- should be added to an infant’s formula if the -5- has less than 0.6 ppm thereof, and the infant is at least six months old.

A
  1. receiving adequate nutrition
  2. no dietary supplementation
  3. Iron supplementation
  4. Fluoride supplements
  5. drinking water supply

PNCB CPNP-PC (19 decks)

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