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PNCB CPNP-PC > Infant Health > Flashcards

Infant Health Flashcards

1
Q

Infancy: 28 days to 12 months

health supervision visits at:

A

1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months

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2
Q 
Screening:
> Tb is screened for at -1- visit(s)
> -2- follow up?
> H&H @ -3-
> -4-: every visit up to age 2
> Dental development starting at -5-
A
  1. all six
  2. Bili
  3. 4 months (Rh incompatible, ABO, Koontz positive)
  4. Length, weight, head circumference
  5. six months through 36 months (first and last tooth eruption)
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3
Q

Infant vitals:
HR: -1-
RR: -2-
Avg BP: -3-

A
  1. 100-150
  2. 30-55
  3. 100/65
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4
Q

Infant Head Assessment
Fontanel assessment - every visit up to -1-
Head control at -2-
Also assess for -3-

A
  1. 18 months
  2. 4 months (very mild lag, if any)
  3. micro-/macrocephaly
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5
Q

Neck
Assess for: Masses; -1-; -2- (esp. in LGA
babies

Tonsillar -3-: clue to -4- problem/tonsillar -5-

A
  1. crepitus
  2. clavicular fracture
  3. asymmetry
  4. airway
  5. hypertrophy
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6
Q

Skin: -1- spots, -2-, -3- edema (tip to -4- disease)

A
  1. Mongolian
  2. hemangiomas
  3. periorbital
  4. cardiac
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7
Q

Assessment
Nose
> flattened: -1-
> flaring -2-

A
  1. FAS, DiGeorge?

2. respiratory; c-section? tachypnea/TTM?

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8
Q

Mouth: -1-, -2-, -3- (healthy?), -4- (-5- = malabsorption/vitamin deficiency)

A
  1. size
  2. clefts
  3. teeth
  4. lips
  5. cheilosis/cheilitis
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9
Q

Assess strength of cry: cri-du-chat =

A

high-pitched cry, indicative of genetic disease (5p deletion)

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10
Q

Chest: naked for breathing; shape? (-1-)
heart: -2-
Breasts in both males & females: -3-; -4-

A
  1. barrell, pectus excavatum or carinatum
  2. murmurs, clicks, thrills
  3. gynecomastia, galactorrhea
  4. physiologic up to 2 months
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11
Q

Abdomen: liver palpation, diastinus recti - the -1- where the -2- haven’t yet -3-

A
  1. midline ridge
  2. abdominal muscles
  3. fully grown to center
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12
Q

Genitalia: boys: -1-, -2- location

girls - -3-, -4-

A
  1. two palpable testicles
  2. meatus
  3. symmetrical
  4. seperable inner & outer labia
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13
Q

Hip assessment: O&B are hard to do -1-; Alice sign: -2-: -3- same -4-

A
  1. on older children
  2. uneven leg length
  3. hips, knees at
  4. level while standing
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14
Q

Assessment of skin folds: -1-, -2-, and -3-

> Look for -4-

A
  1. gluteal
  2. popliteal
  3. upper thigh
  4. symmetry
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15
Q

Lymph nodes: cause for alarm: -1-, EMERGENCY - concerning for -2-

A
  1. supraclavicular

2. mediastinal mass

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16
Q

Development scales:

Bayley (-1- scales; age range: -2-), newborn -3-assessment, -4- questionnaire, denver -5-

A
  1. Cognitive, Language, & Motor Scales
  2. 1 month to 3.5 years (42 months)
  3. behavioral
  4. ages & stages
  5. developmental scales
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17
Q 
Cognitive development
> Visual
>> -1-
>> -2-
>> Also assess -3- health
A
  1. blink reflex
  2. pupillary constriction
  3. retina & optical neural
18
Q

Hearing: loss of -1- “Hearing Loss”

High risk: -2-, NICU babies -3-

A
  1. > 20dB is considered
  2. premies
  3. on IV antibiotics
19
Q

Psychosocial development
-1- between caregiver and child–> work with the -2- them understand -3-
Mismatch –> increased rates of -4-
Questions like “What’s -5-?” are preferable over disgussing temperament proper.

A
  1. Mismatch of temperament
  2. family to help
  3. the child’s temperament
  4. abuse & poor bonding
  5. your baby like
20
Q

Major social developmental landmarks
6-8 months: -1-
9 months: -2-

A
  1. Stranger anxiety

2. separation anxieity

21
Q
  • 1-: bond between child and parent(s)

- 2- routinely; -3-

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Check in
  3. build the relationship
22
Q

-1-: parents who are struggling to -2-; child with -3-

A
  1. Detachment issues
  2. empathize
  3. autism?
23
Q

AG: Breast/bottle feeding - supplement considerations: -1- from -2- until -3-; -4- if -5-
Weaning to formula - replacing -6- feed(s), and work our way to replacing -7- feed(s)

A
  1. Iron
  2. age 4 months (1 month in premies)
  3. fortified in cereal/solids
  4. Vit D from day 3
  5. exclusively breastfeeding (Formula is often fortified)
  6. middle of day
  7. morning and evening
24
Q

Breastfeeding is good even if mother is

A

HIV+

25
Q

There is -3- baby formula (they are FDA approved). Ask about -1- growth -2-.

A
  1. concoctions/mixing habits if
  2. is extreme (high or low)
  3. no universal, best
26
Q

Input

From -1-: breastfeeding -2-; formula is -3-; age 2 months: -4- ; age 6-12 months: -5-

A
  1. age 2 days
  2. is on demand
  3. 1-2 oz. every 2-3 hrs
  4. 4-5 oz every 3-4 hrs
  5. 5-6x day (higher volume)
27
Q

Output - Infants

-1- in -2-

A
  1. 6 wet diapers

2. 24 hours

28
Q

Solid Foods - Infants

Age -1-: fortified -2-, -3-; introducing -4- every -5-.

A
  1. 6 months
  2. cereal with iron
  3. pureed foods
  4. 1 new food
  5. 3-5 days
29
Q

Drink concerns: no -1- or -2-

no -3- before -4-

A
  1. cow’s milk
  2. juice before 12 months
  3. sugary/caffeinated drinks
  4. 2 years
30
Q

Infant Dental Health
No -1-: causes -2-
cleaning: -3-
1st dentist appointment: -4-

A
  1. bottle in bed
  2. bottle teeth/rot/caries
  3. toothbrush/washcloth & water
  4. age 12 mo
31
Q

Sleeping pattern in infants: -1- the -2-

Orientation: -3-; no -4-; pacifier use: -5-

A
  1. 8-12 hrs/night in
  2. first year (with naps during the day)
  3. back to sleep
  4. suffocation risks (pillows, blankets, plushies, etc)
  5. only while sleeping (keep it in the bed, speech/language development)
32
Q

Purpose of tummy time: to develop -1-, leads up to -2-

A
  1. strong chest/arms

2. rolling

33
Q

Screen time: -1- age -2-

A
  1. 0 screens before

2. 18 months

34
Q 
Injury prevention in infancy:
> -1- (interactive baby)
>> -2-
>> -3-, gazing
>> sitting, -4-
>> -5-
A
  1. sensory monitoring
  2. laughter
  3. eye contact
  4. raising head appropriately
  5. turning to sound
35
Q

Infection/-2-: -1- old with a -2-: perform a -3-

A
  1. <28 days
  2. fever (rectal - 100.4/38)
  3. septic workup (Group B Strep?)
36
Q

Common cause(s) of fever in young infants?

A

UTI (and URI, etc)

37
Q

Allergy Considerations in Infancy
Peanut allergies in baby or family: -1- the -2-, -3- EATING -4-
Major risk, testing: -5-

A
  1. atopy: hives around
  2. mouth
  3. nausea/vomiting AFTER
  4. PEANUTS
  5. asphyxiation. Skin/RAST testing
38
Q

Input
Age -1-: transition to -2-
Premies may -3-

A
  1. 12 months
  2. whole milk (fat globules help with neuro development).
  3. need added protein (even to breastmilk)
39
Q

Solid Food - Infants
appropriate food for level of -6-

Increase -7- size of baby; airway is roughly -8-

start to -9-; strict adherence to -11-

A
  1. fine motor development
  2. chunk size with
  3. dime-sized throughout infancy
  4. introduce high-allergen foods (peanut puffs, shellfish) at 6 mo
  5. individual food introduction (3-5 days)
40
Q

The Denver II is not a diagnostic tool but a screening tool that identifies -1- in children from -2-. The Ages and Stages questionnaire identifies children with developmental problems but only from the ages of -3-.

The cognitive adaptive test is a neurodevelopment tool for the cognitive assessment of children -4-. The M-CHAT screens children aged -5- for autism spectrum disorders.

A
  1. developmental delay risk
  2. birth to 6 yr
  3. 4 mo to 5 yr
  4. < 36 months
  5. 16 to 30 mo
41
Q

-1- are the leading cause of death among infants between birth and 1 year of age. -2-, -3-, and -4- are more common causes of death in -5-.

A
  1. Developmental/genetic disorders
  2. Accidents
  3. cancer
  4. homicide
  5. older children

PNCB CPNP-PC (19 decks)

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