Stiner-Jones Flashcards
The barriers where water and electrolyte exchange occur:
cell membrane and capillary walls
The body’s water composition:
60% of adult body weight is water; decreases as we age!
The various compartments where water can be found:
within the intracellular fluid (2/3) or extracellular fluid (1/3)
Extracellular fluid types:
- interstitial fluid
- lymph-
- plasma-
- transcellular fluids (gastrointestinal fluid, urine, cerebrospinal fluid)
The major electrolytes of the body particularly the concentrations of Na and K in the cell and plasma:
Total plasma [cation] is Na+ 140mmol/L and k+ 4 mmol/L
Total plasma [anion]: Cl- ~100mmol/L and HCO3- ~25 mmol/L (the rest of the anions constitute the anion gap)
Anion gap, main components:
lactate and pyruvate
________is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in blood plasma that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system
Oncotic pressure
_________ in blood vessels is the pressure of the blood against the wall. It is the opposing force to oncotic pressure. The primary force driving fluid transport between the capillaries and tissues is hydrostatic pressure, which can be defined as the pressure of any fluid enclosed in a space.
Hydrostatic pressure
___________ is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane. It is also defined as the measure of the tendency of a solution to take in water by osmosis.
osmotic pressure
__________ is a test that measures the concentration of all chemical particles found in the fluid part of blood.
Osmolality; thus the higher OSM in the blood, the more water that will diffuse into the vessels
Know the role of the Na/K ATPase (aka sodium-potassium pump):
Role: maintains the NA and K gradients across the cell membrane (thus establishes the electro-chemical gradient. Requires Energy. The net (+) charge from potassium will establish the gradient
Be able to compare Na/K ATPase (aka sodium-potassium pump) role in the cell membrane vs the kidney:
Kidneys: maintain composition, osmolality, and control of acid-base balance
Na/K ATPase (aka sodium-potassium pump) is either considered an _______ or as an enzyme (ATPase)
ion transporter
Albumin exerts osmotic pressure in ____
plasma (thus known as oncotic pressure)
In arterial region of caps, hydrostatic pressure > ______ and water filters out into _______.
oncotic pressure and water filters out into extravascular space
