Stimulants Flashcards
What are two disorders stimulants are used to treat?
ADHD and Narcolepsy
How does Adenosine work?
They work in both the pre- and post synaptic neuron.
Pre-Synaptic neuron has glutamate release inhibited
Post-Synaptic neuron agonist of adenosine receptors causing hyperpolarization.
How does Caffeine work?
Antagonist of Adenosine receptors, preventing hyperpolarization of the post-synaptic neuron and increases Glu release.
High enough doses inhibits - PDE, increasing cAMP
How does tolerance develop to Caffeine?
Adenosine receptors become upregulated, requiring more caffeine for the same effects.
What are the CNS effects of Caffeine?
Increased alertness, decreased fatigue, nervousness/tremors, and increased HR
What are peripheral effects of Caffeine?
Positive inotropic effects and chronotrophic
Dilates vessels and constricts cerebral flow.
Diuresis and increases gastric secretion
What sympathomimetic prevents the reuptake of NE, Dopamine, and Serotonin?
Cocaine.
What is the mechanism of Cocaine?
Blocks the transporting back into the presynaptic neuron, since there is less in the neurons tyrosine hydrolyase are upregulated producing more neurotransmitters further increasing the amount in the cleft.
What are the effects of Cocaine in the body?
Vasocinstriction, increased HR, increased arousal/alertness, Euphoria, increased confidence (dopamine)
What are toxic symptoms of Cocaine?
Psychological Dependence
Seizures
MI / Arrhythmias
Effects unborn fetus
What are the symptoms of physical dependence and withdrawal?
Craving and constantly seeking.
Withdrawal - depression and fatigue
How are amphetamines different from cocaine?
Longer half-life - similar mechanism.
Cause the release of NE, DA, and Serotonin from the vessicles in presynaptic neuron. Additionally, partial alpha-agonist and MAO inhibitor.
–More NE effects, compared to cocaine–
What are the effects of Amphetamines?
Increased arousal, decreases fatigue, increased performance, elevated mood/confidence, suppressed appetite. Elevated HR and Vasoconstriction
What drug has more CNS effects compared to Amphetamine?
Methamphetamine
What two drugs are used to treat ADHD?
Amphetamine and Methylphenidate