Antibacterials - Nucleic Acid Targeting

Question 1

What are general qualities of Quinolones?

Answer 1

Target nucleic acid. Inhibits DNA Gyrase preventing replication and unwinding.
– Area under the curve killing –

Question 2

What are two fluoroquinolones that can be used to treat UTIs and gonorrhea?

Answer 2

Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin

Question 3

What quinolone can be used to treat infectious diarrhea (Traveler’s Diarrhea) and joint infections?

Answer 3

Ciprofloxacin

Question 4

What kind of bacterium does Ciprofloxacin typically target?

Answer 4

Gram Negative bacteriums. (Labeled for gram positive, but is not very effective and high resistance)

Question 5

What quinolone is used primarily for gram positive bacteriums?

Answer 5

Moxifloxacin — Respiratory Infections

Question 6

What is a warning you should tell your patients before they start taking Quinolones?

Answer 6

Watch for a rash, if it develops stop taking the antibiotic immediately for the rash can be fetal.

Question 7

What are common side effects of Quinolones?

Answer 7

n/v/d - C.Diff
SEIZURES, lowers threshold for predisposed
Rash
EKG Abnormalities
Tendon Ruptures - Achilles

Question 8

What patient populations should you be cautious prescribing a quinolone?

Answer 8

Patient that are currently on anti-arrhythmics and patient’s that have a seizure disorder
Children are advised to not take quinolones

Question 9

What antibiotic is used for UTIs that has effectiveness of both gram positive and negative?

Answer 9

Nitrofurantoin

Question 10

How does Nitrofurantoin work in killing the bacteria?

Answer 10

Bacteria possess an enzyme called nitroreductase, which converts the antibiotic into a free radical that can damage the DNA.

Question 11

What are the most concerning side effects of nitrofurantoin?

Answer 11

Acute and Chronic pulmonary reaction and liver damage. Bone marrow suppression. Peripheral neuropathy

Question 12

What two antibiotics inhibit RNA production by targeting RNA Polymerase?

Answer 12

Rifampin and Fidaxomicin

Question 13

What is primarily used as a bacterial meningitis prophylaxis?

Answer 13

Rifampin

Question 14

What antibiotic selectively targets Clostridum class of bacteria?

Answer 14

Fidaxomicin

Question 15

What antibiotic is used to treat TB?

Answer 15

Rifampin

Question 16

What is the difficulty when using Rifampin?

Answer 16

Serious Hepatotoxicity. Induces many cytochromes, so countless drug interactions.
Also turns body fluids orange.

Question 17

Why is Fidaxomicin effective at killing C.Diff?

Answer 17

Fidaxomicin has limited absorbace in the GI allowing.

Question 18

What drug is typically used to treat mild-moderate C.Diff?

Answer 18

Metronidazole

Question 19

What is Metronidazole used for most commonly?

Answer 19

Anaerobes ONLY
C. Diff treatment
H. Pylori (in combo)
Gardneralla vaginosis

Question 20

What are side effects of taking Metronidazole?

Answer 20

There can be a candida infection in the GI due to killing of all the natural flora.
Bone marrow suppression
Ethanol intolerance

Question 21

What is used to treat a moderate to severe case of C.Diff?

Answer 21

Vancomycin, or if really severe Vancomycin + Metronidazole