Alcohol Flashcards
What kind of metabolism does alcohol undergo?
Zero Order Kinetics
What cytochrome is induced by alcohol?
CYP2E1
What are the metabolic consequences of consuming ethanol?
Increased NADH levels, inhibit TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis and prevents fatty acid oxidation.
Increased Acetaldehyde, results in inflammation - depletes glutathione = chronic hepatic inflammation
What polymorphisms are present with Alcohol Dehydrogenase?
Asian population have a high polymorphism that reduce effectiveness, increasing the effects of alcohol when consumed.
How does ethanol cause CNS effects?
Ethanol binds the GABAa channel causing it stay open hyperpolarizing the post-synaptic neuron.
Dose dependent effects.
What are the timeline of events of becoming intoxicated by ethanol?
First - euphoria, inhibition of inhibitory neurons
Then gradually, decreased reaction time, ataxia and motor function, emesis, coma, death
What are problems with chronic alcohol use?
Fatty Liver - Hep C
Cirrohosis
Chronic Gastritis and Pancreatitis
Esophageal and Bladder Cancer
What are the effects in the CNS with chronic ethanol use?
upregulation of excitatory transmission to overcome inhibition by alcohol. – causing seizures when stopped–
Metabolic upregulation of CYP2E1 - breaks down alcohol
What are neurotoxicity of ethanol?
Neuralgias Memory impairments THIAMINE DEFICIENCY Cerebellar Atrophy Wericke's Encephalopathy
What happens if a patient mixes alcohol consumption with benzodiazepines and opiates?
Additive Respiratory depression and CNS depression
What is the treatment or prevention of seizures while an alcoholic is undergoing withdrawal?
Benzodiazepines - Diazepam
What drug inhibits the function of Alcohol Dehydrgenase?
Disulfiram - causes increased effects of alcohol, used in treatment of dependence
What drug is used to reduce drinking frequency and relapse of dependence?
Acamprosate
What drug is used for both opiod and alcohol abuse?
Naltrexone
