STI's CH8 Flashcards
What are the most common STI’s among university students?
Chlamydia, HPS, and HERPES.
What are the two major categories of STI’S?
- Bacterial
2. Viral (no cure)
What is Chlamydia Trachomatis? (Symptoms, Diagnosis, consequences of no treatment).
- The most prevalent bacterial STI in Canada
- Rates have been rising steadily since 1997
Symptoms for men: 50% asymptomatic, thin, clear discharge, mild discomfort on urination.
Diagnosis for men: Urine sample.
Symptoms for women: 75% Asymptomatic, abnormal vaginal discharge, itching, burning, pain with urination.
DIAGNOSIS for women: Urine sample or vaginal swab
Consequences of untreated chlamydia: Pelvic inflammatory disease (spread into uterus), epididymitis (Inflammation of epididy).
What is Gonorrhea? (Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment)
RATES ARE DECLINING AND LESS COMMON
- The oldest of the sexual diseases. Veneral disease.
- Caused by gonococcus bacteria.
Symptoms in men: White purselike discharge from urethra.
Diagnosis in men: Urine test.
symptoms in women: Usually no symptoms. (maybe slight discharge bc the infection is higher up you don’t always notice that).
Diagnosis In women: Urine test and pelvic exam.
Treatment for both men and women: Antibiotics.
Consequences in women: Pelvic inflammatory disease.
What is Syphilis? Symptoms
Was a pandemic in history
Fairly uncommon now slide 7.
Symptoms: Chancre (shows weeks after infection)
If left untreated can cause damage to nervous system and lead to death.
What are the stages of syphilis?
4 stages: Primary Stage (Chancre- 1-6weeks then goes away) Secondary Stage (Also goes away after a couple of weeks) Latent Syphilis (Bacteria Burrowing in body) Late Syphilis (Heart and blood vessels can be attacked 10 - 40 yrs after infection)
What is Congenital Syphilis?
Syphilis that is present from birth.
How do you diagnose and treat syphilis?
- Difficult to diagnose
- Genital or pelvic exam, Full body exam, Blood tests.
Treatment : Penicillin (2 shots)
What is HPV? and how many different types are there?
Human papillomavirus.
more than 40 diff types that cause genital warts (Type 6 & 11) and cancer. more than 100 strains.
Is HPV reportable?
No, so no national Canadian data.
What are the HPV symptoms, diagnosis and treatment?
SYMPTOMS:
90% of people are asymptomatic
genital warts appearing on the genitals. (go away within 2 years)
DIAGNOSIS: Inspection of the warts.
TREATMENT: Creams, Freezing.
Can you get warts in your moth from HPV?
yes from strains 6, 11 & 12 but not typical.
Related to throat and mouth cancer
What is the HPV vaccine called?
Gardasil (2019)
Protects against 9 types of HPV
What are the types of Herpes?
Herpes simplex Virus
- HSV-1: 47% of people (Lips)
-HSV-2: Genitals
Also non reportable.
What are the types of Herpes?
Herpes simplex Virus
- HSV-1: 47% of people (Lips)
-HSV-2: Genitals
Also non reportable.
What the herpes symptoms, and treatment?
Symptoms:
-Small, painful blisters on the genitals (thighs too)
-Most contagious during an active outbreak.
NOTE, first outbreak most painful and there is variation in how often you have outbreaks
Treatment:
-No cure
-Drugs like Valtrex can reduce frequency of outbreaks and make transmission less likely.
What are the psychological impacts of herpes?
There are ranges of responses:
STI-related Stigma (Awareness that people are judged)
STI-related shame (Ones views about oneself)
- Better outcomes for those who have fewer outbreaks.
- Foster & Byers= most people adjust well and have satisfying sexual lives.
What are the most notable dates of HIV & AIDS?
Origin - Similar to a virus in primates. (Began when cutting of primates for meat happened and transferred through blood somehow.)
1981 - First identified in the USA
1982 - FIRST case in Canada
1984 - HIV was identified (cause of aids)
Currently - a global pandemic, only 46% have access to treatment.
how is HIV & AIDS transmitted?
- Exchange of bodily fluid (semen, vaginal secretions, blood, breast milk).
-IN CANADA there is new cases in the following groups:
Men who have sex with men 54%
heterosexuals who have sex with someone who is infected 19%
heterosexuals who came from an AIS epidemic country 14%
people who inject drugs 13%
What are the highest risk behaviours for transmitting HIV & AIDS?
Anal intercourse and vaginal intercourse.
micro tears allow for it to enter the other persons body.
What are the four stages of HIV Infection?
- Primary/acute infection - 2-4 weeks after exposure; nonspecific symptoms or no symptoms.
- Chronic asymptomatic infection - Virus replications; nonspecific symptoms or no symptoms.
- Chronic symptomatic HIV infection - Virus has reduced T4 cells, body is not able to fight off infections; non-specific symptoms.
- AIDS-defining conditions - Life threatening opportunistic infections take over (pneumonia, Kaposi’s sarcoma.
How do we diagnose and treat HIV AIDS?
Blood test.
- ELISA = test for antibodies, some false positives.
- Western Blot
- Rapid 60 second test
- Home test kit.
Treatment: No cure HAART - makes it manageable but a lot of side effects. *Adherence* Highly active anti retroviral therapy.
What are the psychological impacts of HIV/AIDS?
-Socially stigmatized disease
(healthcare & society)
-Depression (Hopelessness)
-Impact on sexual life (Contagious and don’t wanna spread it)
Why is it challenging to create a vaccine for HIV?
Many different forms of HIV so it’s hard to do.
What is Preexposure prophylaxis? (PrEP)
Giving an uninfected person an antiviral pill to avoid getting sick.
Can people have a genetic resistance to HIV and AIDS?
Yes, 10% of europeans do.
What is Trichomoniasis? (symptoms, diagnosis, treatment)
“Trish”
-Caused by Trichomonas Vaginalis
SYMPTOMS:
Women: vaginal Discharge (yellow, smell)
Men: Irritation of the urethra, discharge
DIAGNOSIS:
Urine sample or sample of vaginal fluid
TREATMENT:
Metronidazole or tinidazole.
(ORGANISM, PARASITE that can survive on surfaces but uncommon)
What is Pubic Lice? Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
“Crabs”
SYMPTOMS:
Intense itching
DIAGNOSIS:
Find lice and eggs
TREATMENT:
Nix, Rid
Feed on the blood from the host. can also be transmitted through toilet & bed sheets.
What are all of the reportable STI’s?
In Canada:
Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Chlamydia & HIV.
What are the preventions of STI’s?
Latex condoms
Dental Dams
Washing genital before sexual activity (soap and water)
Urinating before and after (Clears bacteria from urethra)
