STI's CH8

Question 1

What are the most common STI’s among university students?

Answer 1

Chlamydia, HPS, and HERPES.

Question 2

What are the two major categories of STI’S?

Answer 2

1. Bacterial

2. Viral (no cure)

Question 3

What is Chlamydia Trachomatis? (Symptoms, Diagnosis, consequences of no treatment).

Answer 3

• The most prevalent bacterial STI in Canada
• Rates have been rising steadily since 1997

Symptoms for men: 50% asymptomatic, thin, clear discharge, mild discomfort on urination.
Diagnosis for men: Urine sample.

Symptoms for women: 75% Asymptomatic, abnormal vaginal discharge, itching, burning, pain with urination.
DIAGNOSIS for women: Urine sample or vaginal swab

Consequences of untreated chlamydia: Pelvic inflammatory disease (spread into uterus), epididymitis (Inflammation of epididy).

Question 4

What is Gonorrhea? (Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment)

RATES ARE DECLINING AND LESS COMMON

Answer 4

• The oldest of the sexual diseases. Veneral disease.
• Caused by gonococcus bacteria.

Symptoms in men: White purselike discharge from urethra.
Diagnosis in men: Urine test.

symptoms in women: Usually no symptoms. (maybe slight discharge bc the infection is higher up you don’t always notice that).
Diagnosis In women: Urine test and pelvic exam.

Treatment for both men and women: Antibiotics.

Consequences in women: Pelvic inflammatory disease.

Question 5

What is Syphilis? Symptoms

Answer 5

Was a pandemic in history
Fairly uncommon now slide 7.
Symptoms: Chancre (shows weeks after infection)
If left untreated can cause damage to nervous system and lead to death.

Question 6

What are the stages of syphilis?

Answer 6

4 stages: 
Primary Stage (Chancre- 1-6weeks then goes away)
Secondary Stage (Also goes away after a couple of weeks)
Latent Syphilis (Bacteria Burrowing in body)
Late Syphilis (Heart and blood vessels can be attacked 10 - 40 yrs after infection)

Question 7

What is Congenital Syphilis?

Answer 7

Syphilis that is present from birth.

Question 8

How do you diagnose and treat syphilis?

Answer 8

• Difficult to diagnose
• Genital or pelvic exam, Full body exam, Blood tests.

Treatment : Penicillin (2 shots)

Question 9

What is HPV? and how many different types are there?

Answer 9

Human papillomavirus.

more than 40 diff types that cause genital warts (Type 6 & 11) and cancer. more than 100 strains.

Question 10

Is HPV reportable?

Answer 10

No, so no national Canadian data.

Question 11

What are the HPV symptoms, diagnosis and treatment?

Answer 11

SYMPTOMS:
90% of people are asymptomatic
genital warts appearing on the genitals. (go away within 2 years)

DIAGNOSIS: Inspection of the warts.

TREATMENT: Creams, Freezing.

Question 12

Can you get warts in your moth from HPV?

Answer 12

yes from strains 6, 11 & 12 but not typical.

Related to throat and mouth cancer

Question 13

What is the HPV vaccine called?

Answer 13

Gardasil (2019)

Protects against 9 types of HPV

Question 14

What are the types of Herpes?

Answer 14

Herpes simplex Virus
- HSV-1: 47% of people (Lips)
-HSV-2: Genitals
Also non reportable.

Question 15

What are the types of Herpes?

Answer 15

Herpes simplex Virus
- HSV-1: 47% of people (Lips)
-HSV-2: Genitals
Also non reportable.

Question 16

What the herpes symptoms, and treatment?

Answer 16

Symptoms:
-Small, painful blisters on the genitals (thighs too)
-Most contagious during an active outbreak.
NOTE, first outbreak most painful and there is variation in how often you have outbreaks
Treatment:
-No cure
-Drugs like Valtrex can reduce frequency of outbreaks and make transmission less likely.

Question 17

What are the psychological impacts of herpes?

Answer 17

There are ranges of responses:
STI-related Stigma (Awareness that people are judged)
STI-related shame (Ones views about oneself)

• Better outcomes for those who have fewer outbreaks.
• Foster & Byers= most people adjust well and have satisfying sexual lives.

Question 18

What are the most notable dates of HIV & AIDS?

Answer 18

Origin - Similar to a virus in primates. (Began when cutting of primates for meat happened and transferred through blood somehow.)
1981 - First identified in the USA
1982 - FIRST case in Canada
1984 - HIV was identified (cause of aids)
Currently - a global pandemic, only 46% have access to treatment.

Question 19

how is HIV & AIDS transmitted?

Answer 19

• Exchange of bodily fluid (semen, vaginal secretions, blood, breast milk).
  -IN CANADA there is new cases in the following groups:
  Men who have sex with men 54%
  heterosexuals who have sex with someone who is infected 19%
  heterosexuals who came from an AIS epidemic country 14%
  people who inject drugs 13%

Question 20

What are the highest risk behaviours for transmitting HIV & AIDS?

Answer 20

Anal intercourse and vaginal intercourse.

micro tears allow for it to enter the other persons body.

Question 21

What are the four stages of HIV Infection?

Answer 21

1. Primary/acute infection - 2-4 weeks after exposure; nonspecific symptoms or no symptoms.
2. Chronic asymptomatic infection - Virus replications; nonspecific symptoms or no symptoms.
3. Chronic symptomatic HIV infection - Virus has reduced T4 cells, body is not able to fight off infections; non-specific symptoms.
4. AIDS-defining conditions - Life threatening opportunistic infections take over (pneumonia, Kaposi’s sarcoma.

Question 22

How do we diagnose and treat HIV AIDS?

Answer 22

Blood test.

• ELISA = test for antibodies, some false positives.
• Western Blot
• Rapid 60 second test
• Home test kit.

Treatment: 
No cure
HAART - makes it manageable but a lot of side effects. 
*Adherence*
Highly active anti retroviral therapy.

Question 23

What are the psychological impacts of HIV/AIDS?

Answer 23

-Socially stigmatized disease
(healthcare & society)
-Depression (Hopelessness)
-Impact on sexual life (Contagious and don’t wanna spread it)

Question 24

Why is it challenging to create a vaccine for HIV?

Answer 24

Many different forms of HIV so it’s hard to do.

Question 25

What is Preexposure prophylaxis? (PrEP)

Answer 25

Giving an uninfected person an antiviral pill to avoid getting sick.

Question 26

Can people have a genetic resistance to HIV and AIDS?

Answer 26

Yes, 10% of europeans do.

Question 27

What is Trichomoniasis? (symptoms, diagnosis, treatment)

Answer 27

“Trish”
-Caused by Trichomonas Vaginalis

SYMPTOMS:
Women: vaginal Discharge (yellow, smell)
Men: Irritation of the urethra, discharge

DIAGNOSIS:
Urine sample or sample of vaginal fluid

TREATMENT:
Metronidazole or tinidazole.

(ORGANISM, PARASITE that can survive on surfaces but uncommon)

Question 28

What is Pubic Lice? Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Answer 28

“Crabs”
SYMPTOMS:
Intense itching

DIAGNOSIS:
Find lice and eggs

TREATMENT:
Nix, Rid

Feed on the blood from the host. can also be transmitted through toilet & bed sheets.

Question 29

What are all of the reportable STI’s?

Answer 29

In Canada:

Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Chlamydia & HIV.

Question 30

What are the preventions of STI’s?

Answer 30

Latex condoms
Dental Dams
Washing genital before sexual activity (soap and water)
Urinating before and after (Clears bacteria from urethra)