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Unit 3 > STI's > Flashcards

STI's Flashcards

1
Q

What is cause of chlamydia infection?

A

Bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis
Most common STI

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2
Q

Signs and symptoms of chlamydia infection.

A

Many times asymptomatic.
But can have the following:
Men: Dysuria, urethral discharge
Women: mucopurulent vaginal discharge, abnormal vag bleeding, dysuria, pain with intercourse

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3
Q

What is complication of chlamydia, gonorrhea infection for a woman?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease-especially with repeated infections

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4
Q

Diagnostic studies for chlamydia or gonorrhea diagnosis.

A

Sex history, physical assessment, NAAT lab test (nucleic acid amplification test)
Test for concurrent STIs

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5
Q

Treatment for chlamydia infection.

A

Doxycycline (Vibramycin) BID x 7 days
Treatment of current partners is necessary too, or reinfection will happen
No sex for 7 days AFTER treatment

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6
Q

Doxycycline precautions

A

No sun
Not for pregnant women
Empty stomach
Remain upright for 30 min
No antacids, iron, milk

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7
Q

What is cause of gonorrhea?

A

Bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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8
Q

Signs and symptoms of gonorrhea.

A

Men: urethra is the most affected organ. Dysuria, purulent discharge, urethritis, epididymitis.
Women: asymptomatic or minor symptoms that are easily overlooked.
Targets the cervix (usually).
Discharge, dysuria, bleeding after sex

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9
Q

Treatment for gonorrhea infection.
—sometimes called gonococcal infections–

A

High dose ceftriaxone (Rocephin) IM.
–Irritating to tissues–

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of genital herpes?

A

HSV-1 (above waist, usually manifested as cold sores, but can involve the gingivae, dermis, upper respiratory tract and rarely the CNS)
HSV-2 (below waist)

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11
Q

Describe the prodromal stage (first stage) of an HSV-2 infection?

A

No lesions yet but burning, itching, tingling at site of entry.

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12
Q

Describe the vesicular stage of HSV-2 infection. (2nd stage)

A

Painful blisters (vesicles)

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13
Q

Describe the ulcerative stage of HSV-2 infection. (3rd stage)

A

Vesicles (blisters) rupture and form shallow, moist ulcerations. Painful

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14
Q

What is the final stage of HSV-2 infection?

A

Crusting and epithelialization of vesicles.

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15
Q

Patient teaching during HSV-2 outbreak.

A

Do not touch lesions. Can spread to new sites. Keep hands clean.

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16
Q

Can you spread HSV-2 to sexual partners even during dormancy?

A

Yes, however, highest risk during outbreak. Advise patients to refrain from sexual activity during outbreak.

17
Q

Pregnant mom in labor with HSV-2. What are complications?

A

Can transmit to baby as it passes through the birth canal, especially during an active infection.
Many times will perform C-section to prevent contact with baby.

18
Q

Effects on neonate if becomes infected with HSV-2?

A

Can infect eyes, skin, mouth or CNS and can even kill baby.

19
Q

How is HSV-2 diagnosed?

A

History and physical
Lab draw to look for HSV antibodies (called an antibody assay)
Lab draw called PCR testing to determine if DNA of virus is in system

20
Q

Treatment for HSV-2.

A

acyclovir
valacyclovir
famciclovir
All to shorten duration and suppress outbreaks
Main goal is to keep the eruptions clean and dry in active infection.

21
Q

What are genital warts caused from?
–Warts called condylomata acuminata–

A

Human papillomavirus (HPV) The most common STI and completely preventable with vaccine. Remember that men need vaccine too.

22
Q

What is the HPV vaccine called?

A

Gardisil 9. Need 2-3 shots over 6 month period

23
Q

What is primary goal of treatment of HPV?

A

Removal of symptomatic warts. The virus is “cleared” on its own in 1-2 years. This means the warts go away. The virus is always in system.

24
Q

Does the presence of genital warts increase the person’s risk of developing cancer?

A

No-different strain of the virus. The vaccine protects agains both the low risk strains (wart types) and the high risk strains (cancer types).

25
Q

What is syphilis caused from?

A

Bacteria treponema pallidum.

26
Q

What is first line treatment for syphilis?

A

Penicillin G benzathine
If allergic:
Doxycycline or tetracycline
Treatment should include all partners within 90 day period.

27
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A

History and physical
Labs called FTA-Abs (fluorescent treponal antibody absorption), TP-PA test (T. pallidum particle agglutination), EIA (enzyme linked immunoassay).
All these detect antibodies to syphilis. The only drawback is if the person has ever had syphilis and been treated the tests will be positive.

28
Q

What is the connection with syphilis and HIV?

A

Syphilis increases risk for HIV infection. Routinely test for HIV infection with syphilis diagnosis.

29
Q

What is first stage of syphilis infection?

A

Primary stage:
Highly infectious
Chancres (painless, indurated (which means calloused) lesions external or internal)
……Shank-ers……

30
Q

What is second stage of syphilis infection?

A

Secondary stage:
Highly infectious
Flu like symptoms
Mucous patches in mouth, tongue, cervix
Symmetric, non pruritic rash bilaterally over palms, soles, trunk
Lasts 1-2 years

31
Q

What is third stage of syphilis infection?

A

Latent stage:
No s/sx
late in stage is noninfectious
early is infectious

32
Q

What is fourth stage of syphilis?

A

Late or tertiary:
Does all the permanent, internal damage
Non infectious
Gummas may appear (these are chronic destructive lesions affecting any organ but usually skin, bone, liver, mucous membranes)

33
Q

What are the CV effects of tertiary syphilis?

A

Aneurysm
Heart failure
Heart valve damage

34
Q

What are the neuro effects of syphilis?

A

Can occur at any stage.
Visual impairment
dementia
Ataxia
Paresthesias (extremities feel asleep)
Lightening pains
Damaged joints

35
Q

How can tertiary syphilis affect mental health?

A

Personality changes
Tremors
Mental deterioration

36
Q

Can a syphilis positive pregnant mom infect baby?

A

Yes-in utero. Damage to baby depends on length of syphilis infection. High risk of stillbirth. (40% in active syphilis) Babies can also develop complications after birth, including seizures and death.
Bone deformity, anemia, enlarged liver and spleen, jaundice, blindness, deafness, meningitis can be present in NB.

37
Q

What is the biggest challenge when recognizing syphilis?

A

The “great imitator”. Can mimic other diseases and can be difficult to recognize because of the variety of symptoms.

38
Q
A
39
Q
A

Unit 3 (6 decks)

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