Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 3 > Conception and Development > Flashcards

Conception and Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is gametogenesis?

A

The creation of reproductive cells in both male (at puberty) and female (in utero)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

Formation of ova or female gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Formation of sperm or male gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are gametes?

A

Ova and sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is meant by diploid?

A

46 chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is meant by haploid?

A

23 chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is meiosis?

A

In meiosis-each contributing cell contains 23 chromosomes from each parent. Differs from mitosis because mitosis has 46 chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which parent determines the sex of the baby?

A

The father. His sperm will either have XX (female) or XY (male) sex chromosome. Mother will always contribute XX sex chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are teratogens?

A

Environmental substances damaging to fetus. Most damaging to fetus is contacted in embryonic period (from 2-8 weeks) while all major organs are developing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a zygote?

A

A fertilized ovum until it keeps dividing to reach 12-16 cells. This division doesn’t make the zygote bigger than the original ova. Each division made the cell smaller and smaller, they just become smaller but multiply.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a morula?

A

After it passes the zygote stage (12-16 cells), it becomes a morula. The morula is contained in a sac of fluid called a blastocyst. The inner morula becomes the fetus and the outer blastocyst becomes the placenta and membranes. The outer blastocyst is called the trophoblast and the inner morula is called the inner cell mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the decidua?

A

The well nourished endometrium in the secretory phase of the woman’s cycle. It is ready for implantation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is implantation also called and when does it happen?

A

Nidation and it happens around 6-10 days after the zygote is first formed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is the placement of implantation important?

A

Best place is the fundus. This will be where the placenta attaches. This is best spot for three reasons:
1. Best blood flow to nourish
2. Thickness of location is best for the placenta
3. Muscles in fundus are strong to compress spot where placenta detaches and stop blood flow after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is the pre-embryonic period? What happens during it?

A

First two weeks. From fertilization to implantation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the embryonic period? What happens during it?

A

Start of 3rd week through end of 8th week. All major body organs are completely formed, just in miniature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three germ layers that all body systems derive from?

A

Endo
Meso
Ectoderm

17
Q

What is formed from the endoderm?

A

Lining of GI, respiratory, bladder
Liver and pancreas

18
Q

What is formed from the mesoderm?

A

Bone, muscle, blood, lymph and all connective tissues
Spleen
Kidneys
Repro organs
Heart

19
Q

What is formed from ectoderm?

A

Brain and nervous system
Skin
Hair and nails

20
Q

What is considered the fetal period?

A

Beginning at 9 weeks through birth

21
Q

Major developments at 4 weeks gestation.

A

Neural tube closes
Face and upper respiratory tract begin to form
Upper limb buds

22
Q

Major developments at 6 weeks gestation.

A

Heart reaches final four chamber form.
Face midline
External ear begins

23
Q

Major developments at 12 week gestation.

A

Sex can be determined.

24
Q

Major developments at 16 weeks gestation.

A

Length grows rapidly.
Quickening may be felt.

25
Q

Major developments at 20 weeks gestation.

A

Vernix
Lanugo
Brown fat
Eyebrows and hair

26
Q

Major developments at 24 weeks.

A

Skin is translucent.
Surfactant begins to develop.

27
Q

Major developments at 28 weeks.

A

Lungs and CNS mature
Gains fat
Eyes reopen
Flips to head down

28
Q

Major developments at 36 weeks.

A

Weight gain
Breasts plump
Testes in scrotum

29
Q

What is two types of tissue in blastocyst?

A

The outer trophoblast which becomes the placenta. The inner cell mass which becomes the fetus.

30
Q

What is the chorionic villus?

A

The part of the placenta where exchange of nutrients and oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. The chorionic villi are the projections (like little roots that anchor into the uterine wall).

31
Q

When does transfer of mom’s antibodies (IgG) take place in development?

A

Last trimester. If baby is born premature, won’t have the passive immunity that a full term baby will have.

32
Q

What secretes the hCG in early pregnancy?

A

The conceptus. This hormone signals progesterone levels to stay elevated to accommodate implantation.

33
Q

What role does the placenta play as an endocrine organ?

A

Eventually takes over the role in producing progesterone, estrogen. Also produces human chorionic somatomammotropin (for breast development) and relaxin in last trimester.

34
Q

What is the amnion and chorion?

A

The amnion is the inner membrane and the chorion is the outer membrane. Together they are referred to the bag of waters. The chorion (outer layer is continuous with the implanted part of the placenta.

35
Q

What is the fetal and maternal sides of the placenta called?

A

Fetal-Chorion
Maternal-decidua basalis

36
Q

What are the contents of the umbilical cord?

A

2 Arteries-carries deoxygenated blood from fetus
1 Vein-carries oxygenated blood to fetus
Wharton’s Jelly-shock absorber that cushions the cord

37
Q

What is the ductus venosus?

A

A shunt in fetus that bypasses the liver. (baby’s liver not needed yet because mom’s liver is doing the job)

38
Q

What is the foramen ovale?

A

Shunt from right atrium to left atrium that bypasses the non-functioning lungs. Closes and fibrin tissue covers it within 3 months after birth.

39
Q

What is the ductus arteriosus?

A

Shunt from pulmonary artery to aorta. Allows for bypass of pulmonary circulation in utero.

40
Q

What are monozygotic twins?

A

Identical. Came from same egg and sperm and later on (usually in blastocyst stage) develops into two morulas. Usually share placenta and amnion.

41
Q

What are dizygotic twins?

A

Fraternal

Unit 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions