Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Obs & Gynae > STI + Non-STI Genital Conditions > Flashcards

STI + Non-STI Genital Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What caues urethritis

A 
Chlamydia Trachomatis = most common
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Mycoplasma genitalium
Ureaplasma
Trichomona's 
HSV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the symptoms of urethritis

A

PAIN on passing urine
Urethral discharge
Meatitis (erythema of urethral meatus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you Dx urethritis

A

Swab in F
First void urine in M

Culture for gonorrhoea
NAAT for chlamydia
Microscopy for gram stain is best way but not always available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do you always test for

A

C+G
G = gram -ve dipplococci
C = NAAT +Ve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you know its not UTI

A

Don’t get discharge

Discharge can be physiological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do you do for recurrent / persistent urethritis

A

Test for mycoplasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common STI

A

Chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What should you always do if vaginal bleeding

A

Chlamydia test

Also do smear and pregnancy test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does chlamydia present on men

A

Asymptomatic
Watery discharge
Dysuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does chlamydia present in women

A

Vaginal discharge
Dysuria
IMB / PCB

More suggestive of PID 
Pelvic pain 
Inflammed friable cervix
Cervical excitation 
Abdo tenderness on VE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What colour discharge is suggestive of bacteria

A

Green yellow

Due to neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you test for chlamydia

A

NAAT on First void or swab

Same for gonorrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do you swab

A

Vaginal

Can do rectal if anal sex or throat for oral sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When should you test for chlamydia

A 
Urethritis
Reactive arthritis
Epididymitis 
Termination of pregnancy 
IUD insertion
Other STI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What examination do you do

A

If asymptomatic none needed

Speculum and bimanual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are complications of chlamydia in male

A 
Epididymitis
Proctitis
Infertility 
Reiter
- Reactive arthritis 
- Conjunctivitis
- Urethritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are complications in female

A

PID -> ectopic -> infertility
Reiter
Perihepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are complications in pregnancy

A

Premature
LBW
Pneumonia / conjunctivitis in new born

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Reiter syndrome

A

Urethritis
Conjunctivitis
Reactive arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does gonorrhoea present in men

A

Thick profuse yellow / green discharge
Dysuria
Testicular pain
Rectal / pharyngeal infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does gonorrhoea present in women

A

Vaginal discharge
Dysuria
Pelvic pain
IMB / PCB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do you Dx gonorrhoea

A

NAAT of urine / swab
May need to do rectal swab if proctitis suspected
Swab - Gram stain + culture for Ax sensitivity
Gram -ve diplococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What else do you do if Dx

A

STI screen
HIV + syphillis
Hep B if vaccine / at risk or check vaccine worked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do you treat chlamydia

A

Azithromycin single dose or
Doxycycline 100mg 2x daily 7 days
Treat if possible exposure even before results back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
When do you do once treated
Test 3 months for reinfection Contact tracing STI screen
26
How do you treat gonorrhoea
Ceftriaxone 1000mg IM
27
When do you test for cure and reinfection
2 weeks cure | Reinfection 3 months
28
What do you do if SA
Ceftriaxone | Wash out
29
What are complications of gonorrhoea
``` Epididymitis Urethral stricture PID Bartholin's abscess Septic arthritis Disseminated infection Skin lesion Perihepatitis Reiter's ```
30
Gonorrhoea in neonate
Conjunctivitis
31
What is perihepatiis known as
Fitz-Hugh syndrome | - Adhesions between liver and abdominal wall causing RUQ pain
32
What causes genital herpes
HSV 1+2 | HSV 1 more likely to cause cold sore
33
What is the progress of herpes
Recur monthly or annually Not everyone with virus shows symptoms Can lie dormant First episode is most severe
34
How is herpes transmitted
Genital skin contact | Oral
35
What are the symptoms of herpes
``` Asymptomatic May present with lesions in mouth as well - gingivostomatitis Small blisters -> ulcers Painful / burn / itch Lasts 10-20 days Tender inguinal LN Discharge Dysuria Groin swelling Fever FLu like prodrome Neuralgic pain ```
36
What is DDX of herpes / genital ulcer
``` Syphillis Tropical STI Secondary scabies Trauma Chron's Chancroid - multiple painful ulcers - Rx = azithromycin Neoplastic ```
37
How do you Dx herpes
Clinical impression PCR of ulcer Full STI esp syphillis
38
How do you treat primary infection
Oral acyclovir 5 days | Lidocaine for analgesia
39
What do you do if frequency recurrence
Acyclovir long term suppression
40
What else can you do
Analgesia | Ice pack
41
What are the complications of hereps
``` Post-herpatic neuralgia Autonomic neuropaty Secondary bacterial infection Co-factor for HIV transmission Neonate infection ```
42
What does herpes cause in neonate
Neonatal herpe Encephalitis High mortality
43
How do you deal with risk to neonate
Acyclovir prophylaxis Elective C-section Avoid invasive
44
What causes syphillis
Treponema pallidum (spirochete)
45
What is an early infection
<2 years since caught | Infectious
46
What can early infection be split into
``` Primary <90 days - Painless solitary genital ulcer Secondary - Rash / fever / LN Early latent if no Sx ```
47
What is late infection
>2 years Latent = no Sx Late tertiary CVS - AR / aneurysm / aortic dissection (think if someone presents with chest pain / inferior I - do CT aorta gram and refer surgeons ) Neuro - meningitis / focal neuro / seizures / tabes dorsalis Gummatous
48
What are the symptoms of syphillis
``` Asymptomatic Local ulcer (chancre) Painless Fever Rash LN Abnormal LFT Mucosal ulceration Arthralgia Patch alopecia ```
49
If rash on palms or soles of feet
Syphillis HFMD unlikely Have high index of suspicion
50
How do you Dx syphillis
Clinical Microscopy or PCR of ulcer swab Serology - 8 weeks after Unusual neurology = syphillis screen
51
Serology of syphillis
``` Treponema IM and IgG Lots of different - VDRL - use for monitoring - EIA - will always remain +VE - TPHA - will always remain +Ve PRR - used for active monitored If only one then retest ```
52
What is required to treat syphillis
2 pieces of evidence | e.g. symptoms + blood result
53
What do you do for early syphillis no neuro
Penicillin IM - Watch for jarisch-herxheimer reaction - Due to death of harmful organism = flu like Sx etc - Rx with this in pregnancy as doxypclicine DCI Doxycycline 2 weeks
54
What do you do for late syphillis no neuro
Penicillin IM x3 | Doxycyline 4 weeks
55
How does neurosyphilis present
``` CN palsy Dementia Tabes dorsalis Focal neuro / seizure Menignitis Optic neuritis / retinitis ```
56
What does congenital infection cause
``` Congenital abnormality Growth restriction HSM Anaemia Thrombocytopenia Rash ```
57
What causes trichomoniasis
Trichomonas vaginalis
58
What are the symptoms
``` Thin vaginal discharge Green / yellow / frothy and foul smell Vulvitis Strawberry cervix Increased pH ```
59
How do you Dx
PCR swab NAAT Clue cells on microscopy No test in men
60
How do you treat
Metronidaole
61
What are complications in pregnancy
Miscarriage | Pre-term
62
What causes anogenital wats
HPV 6+11 | Genital skin contact
63
Symptoms of waste
``` Lumps Cauliflower texture Itch Bleeding Painless ```
64
How do you Dx
Clinical | Biopsy if unusual to exclude
65
What is ablative Rx
Podophyllotoxin = 1st line Cyrotherapy = 1st line if keratinised Surgery Diathermy if bully
66
What are other Rx measures
Imiquimod - immune modulator | Garadasil vaccine
67
What should you do if don't clear
Biopsy
68
What is rare complications
Neonatal laryngeal papillomatosis
69
What is Ddx of vulval lump
``` Molluscum contagiosa Scabies nodule Skin tag Sebaceous cyst Female fordyce spot Bartholin's cyst / abscess Dermatoses Malignancy ```
70
What are molluscs contagiousum
Pearly papule in children
71
How do you differentiate from scabies
Itch starts at genitals and spread if STI
72
What causes vulvovaginal candidiasis
Candida albilcan
73
What are symptoms
``` Asymptomatich Itch Thick cottage cheese discharge Vulvitis Dysuria Dyspareuni Vulva erythema / fissure ```
74
What is thrush until proven otherwise
Discharge and itch
75
What is recurrent
>4 a year
76
What are RF for thrush
``` DM Steroid Recent Ax Immunosuppression Pregnancy Reproductive age Anaemia Irritant Poor hygiene ```
77
How do you Dx
Clinical usually ph <4.5 Culture on charcoal swab + gram stain
78
What does examination show
Discharge Erythmea Satellite lesions
79
Is smear needed
Not if symptom specific
80
How do you treat thrush
``` Azole anti-fungal Pessary or oral Pessary if pregnant Avoid irritant Treat dermatitis ```
81
What do you do if recurrent
Compliance Vaginal swab to confirm Exclude DDX e.g. lichen sclerosis Induction maintenance routine for 6 months
82
DDX of discharge that is important to rule out
``` Physiological Bacterial vaginosis STI Ectropian FB Cancer ```
83
What is most common cause of vaginal discharge
Bacterial vaginosis
84
What causes vaginosis
``` Increased mycoplasma / gardnella / anarobes Reduced lactobacilli (healthy bacteria that keep pH low) Vit D deficient ```
85
How does it present
``` Watery grey / yellow discharge Fishy smell Worse after period or sex Sore itch from damp PH >4.5 ```
86
Diff between thrush and vaginosis
Thrush low pH | Vaginosis high pH
87
How do you Dx
Clinical - most don't need further Swab to rule out other Gram stain and culture
88
What do you do to rule out cystitis
Urinanlysis
89
What do you do for persistent discharge
Rule out FB
90
How do you treat
Most no Rx Topical clindamycin = 1st line Metronidazole
91
What are complications
``` Endometritis Pre-term HIV Chorioamnitis Risk of other infections LBW ```
92
If someone presents with discharge what do you want to know
``` Consistency Appearance Smell Itch Bleeding ```
93
How do you investigate
Speculum PH Vaginal swab
94
How does PID present
``` Pain Discharge Dyspareunia Bleeding INfertiitly Adenexal tednerness Cervical excitation ```
95
How do you investigate
Laparoscopy
96
How do you Rx
Broad spec Ax

Obs & Gynae (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions