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RES Biweekly 1 > Stevens- Lung Development > Flashcards

Stevens- Lung Development Flashcards

1
Q

normal human development is ____ weeks

A

38 weeks

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2
Q

chance of survival increases with each additional what

A

week

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3
Q

most common cause of death in extremely preterm babies

A

acute respiratory failure

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4
Q

phase of development weeks 1-4

A

embryonic

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5
Q

main events that happen in embryonic phase

A

primary main bronchi buds form

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6
Q

responsible for developing epithelial airway and tubes

A

endoderm

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7
Q

responsible for mesenchyme development

A

mesoderm

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8
Q

5 stages of lung development

A

embryonic
pseudoglandular
canalicular
saccular
alveolar

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9
Q

4-16 weeks

A

Pseudoglandular stage

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10
Q

-bronchioles and terminal bronchioles form
-vascular network in mesenchyme

A

pseudoglandular stage

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11
Q

16-26 weeks

A

Canalicular stage

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12
Q

respiratory bronchioles form
gas exchange can happen at the end of this stage

A

canalicular stage

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13
Q

babies born before saccular stage need what to survive

A

O2
steroids (to make surfactant)

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14
Q

26-36 weeks

A

Saccular stage

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15
Q

terminal sacs
type II cells secrete surfactant

A

Saccular stage

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16
Q

cell that produces surfactant (lowering surface tension)

A

type II pneumocytes

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17
Q

composed of proteins and lipids (DPPC)

A

surfactant

18
Q

lowers alveolar surface tension
has antimicrobial properties

A

surfactant

19
Q

too little surfactant can lead to what in infants

A

respiratory distress syndrome (restrictive physiology)

20
Q

too much surfactant

A

pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

21
Q

supplement ___ in preterm infants for air breathing life

A

surfactant

22
Q

36 weeks-8 years

A

Alveolar stage

23
Q

alveoli increase
type II cell proliferation

A

Alveolar stage

24
Q

formed by a process known as secondary septation

A

alveoli

25
Q

2 types of cells (interstitial cells) that play a role in septation

A

lipid fibroblasts
myofibroblasts

26
Q

make lipids for type II cells so they can make surfactant

A

lipid fibroblast

27
Q

essential for secondary septation (important for increasing surface area for gas exchange)

A

myofibroblast

28
Q

____develops and aligns with the airways

A

circulation

29
Q

Rapid expansion of functional circulation beginning in the _____stage; and circulation becomes continuous here

A

pseudoglandular stage

30
Q

development of lung bud relies on communication of what 2 things

A

epithelium (airways) and mesenchyme (circulation)

31
Q

fetal O2 is ____ compared to adults

A

low

32
Q

low fetal oxygen levels (hypoxia) will promote what

A

lung development

33
Q

Babies born prematurely will be exposed to oxygen supplementation and while its necessary to have the O2 supplementation to meet metabolic demands of the body; the high level of O2 can cause impairment of normal vascular development—–this is seen in _____ due to preterm birth

A

broncho-alveolar dysplasia (broncho-pulmonary dysplasia—BPD)

34
Q

this is defined as the need for supplemental oxygen beyond 30 days of life

A

BPD

35
Q

alveolar simplification
capillary hypoplasia
interstitial cellularity

A

BPD

36
Q

hypoxia conditions in the fetus contribute to high ________ in utero

A

pulmonary vascular tone

37
Q

fetal circulation has high ___ and low ___

A

high resistance
low blood flow

38
Q

the reason the blood is shunted in utero

A

the resistance in the pulmonary circulation is high and the path of least resistance is to shunt blood from pulmonary to systemic circulation (and lungs not developed)

39
Q

_____ ventricle is unusually large in fetus compared to adult

A

R ventricle

40
Q

____ artery is highly muscularized in fetal circulation compared to adult

A

pulmonary artery

41
Q

what decreases minutes after birth

A

pulmonary vascular resistance (and pressure)

42
Q

retention of medial hypertrophy of pulmonary a. can lead to what of neonate

A

pulmonary HTN

RES Biweekly 1 (5 decks)

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