Alvarez- Anatomy of Respiratory system Flashcards
true ribs
1-7
false ribs
8-10 (connect to sternum by cartilage)
floating ribs
11, 12
intercostals used in inspiration
external
intercostals used in expiration
internal
accessory muscles of inspiration
sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
pleura that covers the lungs
visceral
pleura that is attached to thoracic cavity
parietal pleura
space in b/t visceral and parietal pleura
pleural space
excess fluid in pleural space
pleural effusion
lungs: 6th rib
pleura: 8th rib
lungs: 8th rib
pleura: 10th rib
lungs: 10th rib
pleura: 12th rib
where to drain fluid in pleural effusion
above 10th rib at midscapular line
why go above rib when draining
because neurovascular bundle is below ribs
air trapped in pleural space
pneumothorax
space safe to get air out of pleural space
4th intercostal space
2 fissures of R lung
minor (horizontal) and major (oblique)
fissure of L lung
major (oblique)
fissure seen on posterior R and L lungs
oblique
L and R primary bronchi each contain how many segments
10
secondary (lobar) bronchi of R lung
upper
middle
lower
secondary (lobar) bronchi of L lung
upper
lower
lingula is part of what lobe
LUL (inferior segment)
segments of the lobes of lungs
anterior
posterior
medial
lateral
superior
inferior
after 16 generations, airways are capable of what
gas exchange (respiratory bronchioles)
lung divides to a total of ____ generations
23
primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
segmental bronchi
conducting bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
conducting
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli
gas exchange
takes deoxygenated blood into lungs for gas exchange and back to heart at L atrium through pulmonary veins
pulmonary artery
brings oxygenated blood back to heart from lungs (this is specific for this part of body, different in systemic circulation)
pulmonary veins
originates from thoracic aorta and provides oxygenated blood to the airways
bronchial circulation
bronchial veins drain their deoxygenated blood into oxygenated pulmonary veins
shunting
drain fluid from the distal lung parenchyma into proximal (hilar) lymphatics and/or the thoracic duct that drains into the left subclavian vein
pulmonary lymphatics
Systemic circulation feeding the airways and pleura originates from _____ that branch from thoracic aorta
intercostal arteries
gives rise to intercostal arteries that give rise to bronchial circulation and distribution of airways
thoracic aorta
depends on the alveoli being thinned walled, properly inflated, and not filled with liquid. This increases gas exchange by bringing air close to the capillaries
gas exchange
makes it difficult for gas exchange to occur due to excess accumulation of fluid in the lungs
pulmonary edema
nodes at bifurcation
carinal nodes
nodes along tertiary bronchi
pulmonary nodes
nodes along lobar bronchi
bronchopulmonary nodes
nodes along primary bronchi
tracheobronchial nodes
nodes along trachea
paratracheal nodes
nodes along mediastinum
mediastinal nodes
the anatomical structure defining the entrance (or exiting) of the airways and pulmonary vessels from or to the lung
the hilum
L lung hilum
pulm a. superior to main bronchus
R lung hilum
pulm. a anterior to main bronchus
nerves that provide somatic innervation and innervate parietal pleura
intercostal nerves (T1-T11—–thoracic splanchnic)
innervated by autonomic lung plexus
visceral pleura
pleura that can feel pain
parietal
from R side of picture to L:
sympathetic trunk
R vagus
L vagus
cardiac plexus
L recurrent laryngeal n.
pulmonary plexus
cause bronchial constriction
vasodilation
parasympathetics
cause bronchial dilation
vasoconstriction
sympathetics
sympathetics cause _____ pain
visceral
keeps the diaphragm alive
phrenic n. (C3, C4, C5)
