Sayner- histology of respiratory system Flashcards
conduct air from external environment down to acinar airways; warm, moisten, and cleanse
conducting airways
carry deoxygenated blood to lungs
pulmonary a.
carry mixed oxygenated blood back to heart from lungs
pulmonary veins
circulation in the lungs that is nutritional
bronchial
fluid balance and immune defense (BALT)
lymphatics
filled w/ extracellular matrix and helps support the lung tissue
interstitium
L and R
L: esophagus
R: trachea
C shaped cartilage ring surrounds what
trachea
C shaped cartilage ring
submucosal glands
smooth muscle bridge (posterior)
trachea
what causes cartilage calcification and stiffness of trachea
aging
mucosa
submucosa
cartilage rings
adventitia
trachea
submucosa here contains submucosal glands
trachea
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
respiratory mucosa
respiratory mucosa
connective tissue
highly vascularized
lamina propria of respiratory mucosa
respiratory epithelium w/ goblet cells and ciliated cells
stores mucus
goblet cells
helps move mucus up and out
ciliated cells
cilia in cross section (9 + 2); microtubule structures that have motility b/c of dynein motors
Axenome
can paralyze cilia and cause patients to cough to help move mucus out; squamous cell metaplasia
smoking
mutation that disrupts cilia motility (patients cant move mucus out of airways—coughing to help move mucus out )
primary ciliary dyskinesia
trachea
submucosal glands only present where
trachea and primary bronchi
these are seromucous glands that have serous and mucus secretions
submucosal glands
w/ each division of branching, there is a decrease in what and an increase in what
decrease in diameter
increase in surface area
these contain cartilage plates
primary bronchi
primary bronchi
L and R
L: bronchi
R: blood vessel
bronchi and pulmonary a
bronchovascular bundle and interstitium
flatter respiratory epithelium
continuous smooth muscle layer
submucosal glands
cartilage plates
bronchi
conduct air to respiratory zone of the lung
bronchioles
mucosa of this turns to cuboidal distally and loss of cilia and goblet cells
bronchioles
spiral organization of smooth muscle
bronchioles
no cartilage plates and no more submucosal glands
bronchioles
no cartilage or submucosal glands
bronchiole
contain respiratory/pulmonary acinus
pulmonary lobules
Mixing of venous blood from bronchiole circulation and pulmonary circulation—-in capillary bed (mixed venous blood in pulm vein
pulmonary lobule
lined with dome shaped club cells
no goblet cells, no ciliated cells
terminal bronchioles
contain lipid/protein component (CC16 protein) and prevents airway collapse
terminal bronchioles
terminal bronchiole
spiral smooth muscle
terminal bronchiole
organizes a pulmonary acinus
elastic fibers
respiratory bronchioles
elastic fibers
cuboidal epithelial cells
club cells
smooth muscle
alveoli outpouchings
respiratory zone
respiratory zone
club cells
smooth muscle bundles into lumen
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar duct and sacs and alveoli
site of gas exchange
alveoli
main 2 cell types in alveoli
type I and II pneumocytes
covers 90% of surface area of alveolus
type I pneumocyte
secretes surfactant and replaces type I cells
type II pneumocytes
contain pulmonary capillaries
septa
surfactant is synthesized here
lamellar bodies of Type II cell
reduces tendency of alveoli to collapse during expiration; contains proteins/lipids and antimicrobials
surfactant
surfactant supplementation or steroids to mother to help promote surfactant synthesis
for premature babies
thin side of septa
site of gas exchange
thick side of septa
connective tissue and elastic fibers
link adjacent alveoli
Pores of Kohn
the outer lining of the lung is the connective tissue and mesothelium
visceral pleura
