steroid 1 Flashcards
What is the general structure of steroids based on?
Phenanthrene steroid template and cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene
This structure is fundamental for understanding various steroid compounds.
What is the numbering system used for in steroid nomenclature?
To identify specific carbon atoms in the steroid structure
This system is crucial for clear communication in biochemistry.
How are steroids classified based on the substituent group at C-17?
- Sterols
- Sex hormones
- Bile acids
- Cardiac glycosides
- Sapogenins
Each category has distinct chemical properties and biological functions.
What are the two main types of steroid hormones?
- Glucocorticoids
- Mineralocorticoids
- Estrogens
- Androgens
- Progestins
These hormones play various roles in metabolism, reproductive functions, and stress response.
What is the primary function of glucocorticoids?
CHO, lipid and protein biosynthesis and anti-inflammatory effects
Glucocorticoids like hydrocortisone are key in regulating metabolism and immune response.
True or False: Steroids can be classified into adrenal cortical hormones and sex hormones.
True
This classification helps in understanding their physiological roles.
Fill in the blank: The steroid structure consists of _______ rings.
[four fused rings]
This unique arrangement is characteristic of all steroids.
What distinguishes sex hormones from sterols in steroid classification?
Sex hormones have a ketonic or hydroxyl group and usually possess a two-carbon side chain
This structural difference affects their biological activity.
What is the significance of stereochemistry in steroids?
It affects the biological activity and interaction with receptors
Different stereoisomers can have vastly different effects in biological systems.
List the types of steroid hormones.
- Glucocorticoids
- Mineralocorticoids
- Estrogens
- Androgens
- Progestins
Each type plays a specific role in the body’s physiology.
What is the chemical structure of a sterol?
Contains an aliphatic side chain at C-17
This is a defining feature that distinguishes them from other steroids.
What is the role of bile acids?
Aid in digestion and absorption of fats
Bile acids are important for emulsifying dietary lipids.
What is a cardiac glycoside?
A steroid with a lactone ring at C-17
Cardiac glycosides are used in treating heart conditions.
What is the main function of mineralocorticoids?
Regulate water and electrolyte balance
Aldosterone is a key mineralocorticoid involved in these processes.
What is the characteristic feature of sapogenins?
Contain an oxacyclic (ethereal) ring system
This unique structure contributes to their biological properties.
