anti histamines 2 Flashcards
What are the main topics covered in the outline?
H2 antihistamines, Proton pump inhibitors, Potassium-competitive acid blockers, Prokinetic agents, Prostaglandins, Sucralfate and insoluble bismuth preparations, H3 receptor agonists and antagonists, H4 receptor agonists and antagonists
What is the pKa value of imidazole?
5.8
What is the pKa value of aliphatic primary amine?
9.4
What are the main types of histamine receptors?
H1, H2, H3, H4
What processes are associated with H1 and H2 histamine receptors?
H1: allergic inflammatory processes, H2: gastric acid secretion
What is the role of H3 receptors?
Release of neurotransmitters
What is the role of H4 receptors?
Chemotactic responses
What is the function of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
Inhibit gastric acid secretion
Name two examples of proton pump inhibitors.
Omeprazole, Rabeprazole
What is the significance of single enantiomer PPIs?
Differential bioavailability in extensive and poor metabolizer CYP2C19 genotypes
What are potassium-competitive acid blockers (PCABs)?
Agents that block potassium in gastric acid secretion
What are prokinetic agents used for?
Enhance gastrointestinal motility
What is the function of prostaglandins in the gastrointestinal tract?
Protect gastric mucosa and stimulate mucus production
What is sucralfate used for?
Treat peptic ulcers
What type of agents are H3-receptor agonists and antagonists?
Modulators of neurotransmitter release
What type of agents are H4-receptor agonists and antagonists?
Modulators of immune responses
Fill in the blank: The structure of omeprazole includes a _______.
[specific molecular structure related to omeprazole]
True or False: H2 antihistamines are primarily used for allergic reactions.
False
What is the role of gastrin in the gastrointestinal system?
Stimulate gastric acid secretion
What receptors are involved in chemical signaling related to digestion?
Muscarinic receptors
PCAB
Tegoprazan, vonoprazan (most potent) and Revaprazan
Sucralfate
sulfuric acid ester of sucrose and aluminum hydroxide.
form a proteinatious material over the ucler and stimulate prostaglandin production and release.
reduce the absorption of: warfarin, quinolones, antihistamines and phenytoin
- H3 -receptor antagonists
(Ciproxyfan and Tiprolisant) These include treatment of depression, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, schizophrenia, narcolepsy, obesity, and attention-deficient hyperactivity disorder.
JNJ 7777120 (H4 antagonist)
several autoimmune inflammatory and allergic disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, pruritus, and inflammatory bowel disease. Nasal stuffiness and blockage in allergic rhinitis, conditions that are poorly treated with H1and H2 antihistamines, can also possibly be treated using H4 antihistamines.
