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BACTERIOLOGY > STERILLIZATION AND DISINFECTION > Flashcards

STERILLIZATION AND DISINFECTION Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to the destruction of all forms of life, including spores.

A

Sterilization

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2
Q

Refers to a process that eliminates a defined scope of of microorganisms.

A

Disinfection

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3
Q

A substance that is applied to the skin for eliminating and reducing the number of bacteria present

A

Antiseptic

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4
Q

Coated with proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, as well as dipicolinic acid and calcium

A

Spore forming bacteria

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5
Q

Has a high lipid content in cell wall

A

Mycobacterium spp.

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6
Q

Can aggregate into communities of bacteria

A

Biofilm forming bacteria

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7
Q

Naked pieces of proteins. Resistant in heat, radiation, and chemicals

A

Prions

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8
Q

The amount of organisms present in the object to be treated

A

Microbial load or bioburden

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9
Q

It is the amount needed to destroy microorganisms

A

Concentration of disinfecting agentG

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10
Q

Give an examples of organic materials

A

Blood, pus, and mucus

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11
Q

Bleach

A

Sodium hypochlorite

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12
Q

This limits the action to prevent the full contact of the agent to the organisms

A

Organic materials

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13
Q

A material that can’t be autoclaved

A

Endoscopic instruments

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14
Q

Usually, disinfectants are used at what temperature?

A

Room temperature (20 to 22 ‘C)

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15
Q

This is a shield that bacteria used to form a communities of layers

A

Biofilm

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16
Q

Coagulation of bacterial proteins including bacterial enzymes

A

Moist heat

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17
Q

Operates based on the principle of steam under pressure

A

Autoclave

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18
Q

Biological indication of autoclave

A

Bacillus stearothermophilus

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19
Q

Fractional discontinuous sterilization

A

Tyndallization

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20
Q

Effective indication of tyndallization

A

100’C for 30 to 60 minutes

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21
Q

Instrument used in tyndallization

A

Arnold’s sterilizer

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22
Q

Thickening through evaporation

A

Inspissation

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23
Q

Effective indicator of inspissation

A

75 to 80’C for 2 hours

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24
Q

Oxidation of bacterial components

A

Dry heat

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25
Q

direct application of flame in aseptic technique

A

Direct flame

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26
Q

used in sterilization of heat resistant materials

A

Dry/Hot air oven

27
Q

Effective indication of Dry/Hot air oven

A

160-180 ‘C for 1.5 to 2 hours

28
Q

Biological indicator of Dry/Hot air oven

A

Bacillus subtilis var. niger

29
Q

burns materials into ashes

A

Incineration

30
Q

Used in disposal of biological waste

A

Incineration

31
Q

Effective indication of incineration

A

160 to 180 ‘C for 2 secs

32
Q

Alkylation of nucleic acid of bacteria

A

Ionizing radiation

33
Q

A process used in ionizing radiation

A

high energy short wavelength deep penetrating gamma rays

34
Q

Used for heat sensitive materials

A

Ionizing radiation

35
Q

Biological indicator of ionizing radiation

A

Bacillus pumilis

36
Q

Based on membrane gradient by differences in particle size

A

Filtration

37
Q

Uses a thin membrane filter of cellulose acetate

A

Water/ Liquid solutions/Antibiotic/ Vaccines

38
Q

Most bacteria, yeasts, and molds are retained but may allow the passage of Pseudomonas-like organisms

A

0.40 to 0.80 micrometer

39
Q

Used to filter Pseudomonas-like organisms; Used for critical sterilization of parenteral solutions

A

0.20 micrometer

40
Q

Able to retain small viruses

A

0.01 micrometer

41
Q

Usually used in biological safety cabinets

A

HEPA (High efficiency particulate air) filter

42
Q

Pore size of HEPA filter

A

0.3 micrometer

43
Q

For surgical instruments

A

Peracetic acid

44
Q

Chemical method that is used for HEPA filters or large spaces

A

Formaldehyde vapor/Vapor phase H2O2

45
Q

Used for medical instuments

A

Glutaraldehyde

46
Q

Recommended concentration for ETO gas

A

450 to 700 mg per liter

47
Q

Used by the manufacturing industry

A

Ethylene Oxide gas (ETO)

48
Q

Biological indicator of ETO gas

A

Bacillus subtilis var. globijii

49
Q

Destroy vegetative cells of bacteria but not their spores

A

Boiling

50
Q

Effective indication of boiling

A

100 ‘C for 15-30 mins

51
Q

Used for the preservation of alcoholic beverages and dairy products

A

Pasteurization

52
Q

Batch method of pasteurization

A

62.5 ‘C for 30 mins

53
Q

Fast method of pasteurization

A

72 ‘C for 15 seconds

54
Q

Ultra High temperature of pasteurization

A

72 ‘C - 110 ‘C for 5 secs

55
Q

Uses low energy long wavelength ultraviolet rays

A

Non-ionizing radiation

56
Q

Dehydration, lipid dissolution, protein denaturation

A

Alcohol

57
Q

Inhibits protein function and acts as a strong oxidizing agent

A

Halogens

58
Q

Denaturation of enzymes and other essential bacterial proteins

A

Heavy metals

59
Q

Active ingredient but this is an already banned in the market due to its toxicity

A

Mercury (Hg)

60
Q

Used as algaecide in swimming pools and aquarium

A

Copper (Cu) - CuSO4

61
Q

Used as prophylactic agent in Crede’s prophylaxis in suspected cases of Ophthalmia neotoru,

A

Sliver (Ag) - 1% AgNO3

62
Q

Enzyme inhibition, protein denaturation, and disruption of plasma membrane

A

QUATS (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds)

63
Q

Plasma membrane destruction and enzyme denaturation

A

Phenol/Phenolic Compounds/Bisphenol

BACTERIOLOGY (4 decks)

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