Sterilization and disinfection

Question 1

What is sterilization

Answer 1

a process used to achieve sterility. its is absence of micro-organism (viruses, bacteria, and their sponges, fungi and spores).

Question 2

What is disinfection

Answer 2

a process which reduces the number of containing micro organism those that are liable for infection

Question 3

What is antisepsis

Answer 3

disinfection applied to living tissues

Question 4

What is cleaning

Answer 4

a soil removing process which removes many microorganism

Question 5

What is decontamination

Answer 5

a general term for the treatment used to make equipment safe to handle. the contamination may be mineralogical, chemical and others

Question 6

What are the methods of sterilization

Answer 6

Heat ( moist and dry)
Ionizing radiation
Filtration
Sterilant gases

Question 7

What is the most effective method

Answer 7

Moist heat

Question 8

What is the method of moist heat

Answer 8

it kills micro-organism by coagulating and denaturing their enzymes and structural proteins. it requires exposure to moist heat at 121C for 15 mins at 15LB pressure from an autoclave. this gives rise to latent heat. the late heat give rise to the coagulation and the denaturing of the protein.

Question 9

What is dry heat

Answer 9

it is believed to kill microorganisms by causing destructive oxidation of essential cell constituents. killing of most resistant spores by dry heat required a temperature of 160C for 2h.

Question 10

What are the methods of dry heat

Answer 10

Incineration
red Heat
Hot air sterilizers
microwave ovens

Question 11

What is incineration

Answer 11

has a particular application for pathological waste material, surreal dressings, sharp needles and other clinical waste

Question 12

What is red heat

Answer 12

noculating wires, loops, point of forceps sterilized by holding them in the flame of a bunsen burner until they are red hot

Question 13

What is hot air sterilizers

Answer 13

used for material which can withstand high temperatures for a length of time

Question 14

What are the types of disinfection

Answer 14

UV radiation 
Filtration 
HEPA 
chemical 
Biguanides 
hyocholorites

Question 15

What is special about chemical for disinfection

Answer 15

aldehyde is used for most endoscopes that can’t be cleaned with heat

Question 16

What does Biguanides do

Answer 16

chlorhexidine - used to disinfect skin and mucus membranes. less active to gram negative bacteria. limited to veridical, tuberculocidal and negligible sporadical activity

Question 17

What does hypochlorites do

Answer 17

Broad spectrum, inexpensive chlorine releasing disinfectants are the disinfectants of choice against viruses. inactivated by organic matter and corrode metals.

Question 18

What is ionizing radiation

Answer 18

done by both the Beta elections and gamma photons irradiation are used industrially for sterilization of single use disposable items such as needles. Petri dishes are made of optical clear, non-toxic and were sterilized by radiation.

Question 19

What is filtration

Answer 19

fluids including bacterial cultures can be render free of bacteria. this method is used in the separation of toxins and the soluble products of bacterial growth and in the preparation of thermolabile parenteral fluids such as antibiotic solution and blood products which would not withstand then preferred option of heat.

Question 20

What is sterilant gases

Answer 20

Ethylene oxide- highly penetrative non corrosive is used in the industry for the sterilization of single use, heat sensitive medical devices.