STEP 1 Uworld Drugs Part 1

Question 1

Chlorpheniramine

Answer 1

1st generation antihistamine –> blocks both central and peripheral H1 receptors, easily penetrate BBB and accumulate in the CNS

Question 2

Sotalol

Answer 2

Class III antiarrhythmic agent (K+ channel blocking) used for treatment of atrial fibrillation, it is also a beta blocker

Question 3

Diltiazem

Answer 3

Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker –> slowing of the sinus rate

Question 4

Omalizumab

Answer 4

recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody - binds IgE to inhibit its interaction with mast cells –> treats sever asthma

Question 5

Varenicline

Answer 5

partial agonist of a4B2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the CNS - competes with nicotine (a full agonist) - reduce nicotine withdrawl and assists in cessation of tobacco

Question 6

Valproate

Answer 6

Increase GABA in the CNS - broad spectrum anti-epileptic drug, also can work as mood stabilizer and treat bipolar disorder

Question 7

Fidaxomicin

Answer 7

macrocytic antibiotic that inhibits sigma sub-unit of RNA polymerase [bactericidal against C. Diff]

Question 8

Nystatin

Answer 8

anti-fungal that binds to ergosterol molecules in the fungal cell membrane causing pores and leakage of fungal cell contents

Question 9

Allopurinol

Answer 9

Competitively inhibits XO (xanthine oxidase)

Question 10

RivaroXaban and ApiXaban

Answer 10

Directly bind factor Xa and prevent thrombin formation

Question 11

Oseltamivir

Answer 11

neurominidase inhibitor treatment of both influenza A and B –> Impairs release of virions from infected cells and impairs viral penetration of mucous secretions

Question 12

Bupropion

Answer 12

inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine - first line antidepressant

Question 13

Clomiphene

Answer 13

SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulator) prevents negative feedback inhibition –> increases FSH and LH –> ovulation

Question 14

Etanercept

Answer 14

tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) inhibitor, acts as a decoy receptor

Question 15

Sirolimus

Answer 15

immunosuppressant that binds immunophilin (FKBP) FK-506 binding protein forming a complex that inhibits mTOR –> blocks IL-2 signal transduction –I G1 to S phase progression

Question 16

Chlorthalidone

Answer 16

Thiazide diuretic –> inhibits NA/Cl co-transporters in DCT –> decrease reabsorption of Na and Cl

Question 17

Omeprazole

Answer 17

proton pump inhibitor –> inhibits gastric parietal H/K ATPase

Question 18

Dantrolene

Answer 18

muscle relaxant –> acts on ryanodine receptor preventing further release of Ca2+ –> Tx: of malignant hyperthermia

Question 19

Phenoxybenzamine

Answer 19

irreversible a1 and a2 receptor antagonist –> used in treatment of pheochromocytoma

Question 20

Methotrexate

Answer 20

folic acid analog –> binds and inactivates dihydrofolate reductase

Question 21

5-fluorouracil (5-FU)

Answer 21

pyrimidine analog that inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibition of thymidylate synthetase

Question 22

Baclofen

Answer 22

GABA-B receptor agonist - treatment of spasticity

Question 23

Foscarnet

Answer 23

pyrophosphate analog, chelates calcium, and promotes nephrotic renal magnesium wasting

Question 24

Calcipotriene

Answer 24

topical vitamin D analog –> bind to and activate Vit D receptor –> nuclear transcription factor that causes inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation and stimulation of keratinocyte differentiation

Question 25

Allopurinol

Answer 25

xanthine oxidase inhibitor –> treats gout

Question 26

Fevuxostat

Answer 26

xanthine oxidase inhibitor –> treats gout

Question 27

Leuprolide

Answer 27

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog

Question 28

Fluphenazine

Answer 28

High-potency (neurological) first generation antipsychotic

Question 29

Thioridazine

Answer 29

low-potency (non-neurological) first generation antipsychotic

Question 30

Ivabradine

Answer 30

slows heart rate with no effect on cardiac contractility or relaxation - selective inhibition of funny sodium channels –> prolong slow depolarization (phase 4)