Antibiotics 1 Flashcards
V (oral), G (IV), Benzathine (IM, longer lasting)
Penicillin
Binds penicillin binding protein – inhibits transpeptidase
Penicillin
Nafcillin, Dicloxacillin, Antistaph penicillins
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins
Same as penicillin, larger R group so resistant to penicillinase
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins
Clavulanate (penicillin), Sulbactam, Tazobactam
Beta-lactamase inhibitors
Binds irreversibly to beta-lactamase
Beta-lactamase inhibitors
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
Amino-penicillins
Water soluble and can pass through porins – same mechanism as penicillin
Amino-penicillins
Ticarcillin, piperacillin
Anti-pseudomonal penicillin
Same as penicillin, usually only used to treat pseudomonas
Anti-pseudomonal penicillin
Monobactum
Axtreonam
Monocyclic beta-lactam, same mechanism as penicillin
Axtreonam
Excreted by kidney (watch for renal insufficiency)
Cephalo-sporins
Same mechanism as penicillin, bacteriocidal beta-lactams
Cephalo-sporins
Cephalexin
Ceph 1st Gen
Surgical Prophylaxis
Ceph 1st Gen
Cefoxitin,
Ceph 2nd Gen
Used immediately prior to surgery
Ceph 2nd Gen
Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime,
Ceftazidime,
cefdinier
Ceph 3rd Gen
Cefepime
Ceph 4th Gen
Ceftaroline
Ceph 5th Gen
Binds to PBP 2a present in MRSA
Ceph 5th Gen
Imipenem/
cilastatin meropenem
Carbapenems
Beta-lactam ring, binds PBP, parenteral admin
Carbapenems
Bacteriocidal, oral vanco is poorly absorbed
Vancomycin
Binds to DADA terminus of cell wall precursor unit, inhibits transglycosylase rxn
Vancomycin
Poor bioavailability, topical ophthalmic and derm preps
Bacitracin
Prevents dephosphorylation of bactoprenol carrier (needed for elongation of PG cell wall)
Bacitracin
Bind to LPS, creates holes in outer membrane
bacteriocidal
Polymyxin B
Binds to cell membrane and aggregates, depolarizes cell
Daptomycin
