STEP 1 Kaplan Drugs

Question 1

Bivalirudin

Answer 1

Direct thrombin inhibitor

approved for use in persons with HIT aka heparin induced thrombocytopenia

Question 2

Tacrolimus

Answer 2

macrolide immunosuppressant that inhibits calcineurin

mediates transcription of IL-2

Question 3

Vecuronium

Answer 3

non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant that competitively blocks the nicotinic ACh receptor

Question 4

Acetazolamide

Answer 4

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that can cause hypokalemica, metabolic acidosis, and alkaline urine

Question 5

Imatinib

Answer 5

a protein - tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Question 6

Cinacalcet

Answer 6

calcimimetic agent that increases the sensitivity of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) on cheif cells of parathyroid gland to extracellular Ca2+ (this decreases PTH)

Question 7

Phenelzene

Answer 7

MAOI –> contaminated with SSRIs, TCAs, meperindin, St.John’s wort, and dextromethorphan to produce serotonin syndrome

Question 8

Diphenhydramine

Answer 8

Antihistamine and antimuscarinic agent

Question 9

Finasteride

Answer 9

Testosterone analog that competitively inhibits type II 5-a-reductase

Question 10

Cetirizine

Answer 10

second generation antihistamine with minimal muscarinic blockade and less sedation

Question 11

Risedronate

Answer 11

“-dronate” bisphosphonate that induces osteoclast apoptosis thus inhibiting bone resoption

first line treatment in prevention of osteoporosis

Question 12

Zidovudien (AZT)

Answer 12

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)- competitively binds to reverse transcriptase and is incorporated into the viral genome as a thymidine analog - must be phospnorylated in the host cell - Used to treat HIV

Question 13

Flutamide

Answer 13

nonsteroid anti-androgen that acts as a competitive inhibitor of testosterone receptors

Question 14

Risperidone

Answer 14

Second generation (atypical) anti-psychotic –> blocks D2 receptors

Question 15

Clomipramine

Answer 15

TCA –> inhibits nor-epinephrine and serotonin re-uptake (also blocks muscarinic, histamine H1, and a-1 adrenergic receptors)

Question 16

Ceftriaxone

Answer 16

3rd gen cephalosporin that inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis via blockade of transpeptidation enzymes

Question 17

Trihexyphenidyl

Answer 17

muscarinic antagonist

Treats tremor and rigidity in Parkinson’s disease

Question 18

Benztropine

Answer 18

muscarinic antagonist

Treats tremor and rigidity in Parkinson’s disease

Question 19

Methimazole

Answer 19

Inhibits thyroid hormone formation by interfering with incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. Used to treat hyperthyroidism.

AE: Risk of agranulocytosis

Question 20

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Answer 20

Inhibits thyroid peroxidase which normally oxidizes iodide to iodine (inhibits production of T4 and T3 in hyperthyroidism but cannot be used as an acute symptomatic treatment.)

Question 21

Chloramphenicol

Answer 21

Inhibits ribosomal peptidyl transferase.
Infants are unable to breakdown high doses of the drug because of deficiency in glucoronyl transferase –> “Gray baby syndrome”

Not used in US –> risk for aplastic anemia

Question 22

Fluconazole

Answer 22

Inhibitor of the fungal cytochrome P-450 dependent enzyme lanosterol 14-a-demethylase

Question 23

Norepinephrine

Answer 23

an agonist of alpha-1 receptors –> vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure –> reflex bradycardia

Question 24

Atropine

Answer 24

blocks the actions of M2 receptors in the heart –> increases heart rate (does not affect BP)

Question 25

N-acetylcystein

Answer 25

Antidote for acetaminophen overdose –> replenishes hepatic stores of glutathione