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First aid drugs > Step 1 musculo_heme > Flashcards

Step 1 musculo_heme Flashcards

1
Q

What enzyme(s) do NSAIDs, acetaminophen, aspirin block? Which are reversible and irreversible?

A

COX-1, COX-2

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2
Q

Montelukast MOA?

A

Blocks leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4)

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3
Q

Aspirin: Adverse effects

A

GI Upset and bleeding

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4
Q

Ketorolac: Drug Class and MOA

A

NSAIDS - block COX-1 and COX-2

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5
Q

Celecoxib: Class and MOA

A

COX-2 inhibitor (reversible)

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6
Q

Celecoxib: adverse effects

A

increased risk of thrombosis

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7
Q

Use this drug instead of aspirin to prevent Reye’s syndrome

A

Acetaminophen

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8
Q

Etidronate: Class and MOA

A

Bisphosphonate - inhibit osteoclastic activity

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9
Q

Pamidronate: Class and MOA

A

Bisphosphonate - inhibit osteoclastic activity

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10
Q

ALendronate: Class and MOA

A

Bisphosphonate - inhibit osteoclastic activity

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11
Q

Colchicine: Class and MOA

A

It’s own class - depolymerzies microtubules, impairing leukocyte chemotaxis

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12
Q

Colchicine: Use

A

Chronic gout

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13
Q

Probenecid: Class and MOA

A

Inhibits reabsorption of uric acid in PCT

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14
Q

Probenecid: Use

A

Chronic Gout

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15
Q

Allopurinol: Class and MOA

A

Xanthine Oxidase inhibitor. Prevents the formation of plasma uric acid

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16
Q

Allopurinol: Use

A

Chronic Gout

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17
Q

What should be used in an acute flare of gout?

A

Indomethacin

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18
Q

Allopurinol: Drug interactions

A

Increases azathioprine and 6-MP (both normally metabolized by xanthine oxidase)

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19
Q

Etanercept: Class and MOA

A

Recombinant TNF receptor. binds TNF

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20
Q

Etanercept: USes

A

Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis

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21
Q

Infliximab: Class and MOA

A

Monoclonal antibody that Binds TNF.

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22
Q

Infliximab: Uses

A

Crohn’s disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis.

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23
Q

Infliximab: Toxicity

A

Infection predisposition (TB reactivation)

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24
Q

Heparin: Class and MOA

A

Anticoagulant. Catalyzes the activation of antithrombin III (decreases thrombin and Xa)

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25
Q

Heparin: Use

A

Immediate anticoagulation for PEs, strokes, MI, etc.

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26
Q

How do you monitor Heparin use?

A

Monitor PTT

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27
Q

Heparin: Adverse effects

A

Bleeding, Thrombocytopenia (via HIT), osteoporosis

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28
Q

Reversal of Heparin OD?

A

Protamine sulfate

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29
Q

Lepirudin, bivalirudin: class and MOA

A

Anticoagulants. Hirudin derivatives that directly inhibit thrombin.

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30
Q

Lepirudin, bivalirudin: Use

A

Replacement of heparin in HIT

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31
Q

Warfarin: Class and MOA

A

Anticoagulant. inhibits factor synthesis and _-carboxylation of K-dependant factors (II, VII, IX, X and Proteins C and S)

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32
Q

How do you monitor Warfarin use?

A

PT

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33
Q

Warfarin: Use

A

Chronic anticoagulation

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34
Q

What would you use in a pregnant woman, Warfarin or heparin?

A

Heparin. Warfarin crosses the placenta

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35
Q

Warfarin: adverse effects

A

Bleeding, Warfarin-induced tissue necrosis, teratogen

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36
Q

tPA: Class and MOA

A

Thrombolytic. Activator of plasminogen -> breakdown of fibrin and fibrinogen

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37
Q

tPA: Use

A

Early MI, Ischemic Stroke

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38
Q

tPA: Adverse Effects

A

Bleeding, Contrai’ed in pts with bleeding.

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39
Q

tPA: Toxicity Tx

A

Aminocapric acid (inhibits plasminogen)

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40
Q

Streptokinase, urokinase: Class and MOA

A

Thrombolytic. Activate plasminogen

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41
Q

Clopidogrel, ticlopidine: Class and MOA

A

Anticoagulant. Inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking ADP receptors -> Inhibition of fibrinogen bdnding by prevention of gpIIb/IIIa

42
Q

Clopidogrel, ticlopidine: Use

A

Acute coronary syndrome, coronary stenting

43
Q

ticlopidine: toxicity

A

Neutropenia

44
Q

Abciximab: class and MOA

A

Monoclonal antibody that binds the gpIIb/IIIa receptor on activated platelets, preventing aggregation

45
Q

Abciximab: Use

A

Acute coronary syndromes, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

46
Q

Abciximab: adverse effects

A

Bleeding, thrombocytopenia

47
Q

Methotrexate: Class and MOA

A

DHF reductase inhibitor. No production of Thymidine.

48
Q

Methotrexate: Use

A

Cancer, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis

49
Q

Methotrexate: Adverse effects (and how to reverse)

A

Myelosuppression, reverisble with leucovorin (folinic acid) rescue

50
Q

5-fluorouracil: Class and MOA

A

Thymidylate synthase inhibitor (no production of dTMP)

51
Q

5-fluorouracil: Use

A

Cancer. Synergistic with MTX

52
Q

5-fluorouracil: Adverse effects (and how to reverse)

A

Myelosuppression. Thymidine rescue

53
Q

6-mercaptopurine: class and MOA

A

Block of de novo purine synthesis. Needs activated by HGPRTase.

54
Q

6-mercaptopurine:Use

A

Cancer

55
Q

6-mercaptopurine: Adverse Effects

A

Bone marrow, GI, Liver. Metabolized with xanthine oxidase…toxicity with allopurinol

56
Q

Cytarabine (ara-c): Class and MOA

A

Inhibits DNA polymerase

57
Q

Cytarabine (ara-c): Use

A

Cancer (A__Ls and non-hodgkin’s)

58
Q

Cytarabine (ara-c): Adverse Effects

A

Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, Megaloblastic anemia

59
Q

Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide: Class and MOA

A

Alkylating agents. Colvalently link DNA at guanine. Both require activation by liver

60
Q

Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide: USe

A

Cancer and immunosuppression

61
Q

Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide: Adverse effects (and reversibility)

A

Myelosuppression, HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS (reversible with mesna)

62
Q

Nitrosureas: Names

A

Carumustine, lomustine, semustine, streptozocin

63
Q

Nitrosureas: Class and mOA

A

DNA Alkylating agents. Require activation. Cross BBB.

64
Q

Nitrosureas: Use

A

Brain tumors

65
Q

Nitrosureas: Adverse effects

A

CNS toxicity

66
Q

Cisplatin, carboplatin: Class and MOA

A

Crosslink DNA

67
Q

Cisplatin, carboplatin: Use

A

Cancer

68
Q

Cisplatin, carboplatin: Adverse effects

A

NEPHROTOXIC and acoustic nerve damage

69
Q

Busulfan: Class and MOA

A

Alkylates DNA

70
Q

Busulfan: Use

A

Cancer and Bone marrow ablation

71
Q

Busulfan: Adverse effects

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis, hyperpigmentation

72
Q

Doxorubicin: Class and MOA

A

Generates free radicals

73
Q

Doxorubicin: Adverse Effects

A

Cardiotoxic

74
Q

Dactinomycin: Class and MOA

A

Intercalates DNA

75
Q

Dactinomycin: Use

A

Childhood cancers

76
Q

Dactinomycin: Adverse Effects

A

Myelosuppression

77
Q

Bleomycin: Class and MOA

A

Free radical induction

78
Q

Bleomycin: Use

A

Cancer (testicular), ABVD Hadgkin’s regimen

79
Q

Bleomycin: Adverse Effects

A

Pulmonary fibrosis, skin changes

80
Q

Hydroxyurea: Class and MOA

A

Inhibits Ribonucleotide Reductase, decreased DNA synthesis

81
Q

Hydroxyurea: Use

A

Cancer

82
Q

Hydroxyurea: Adverse Effects

A

BM Suppresion, GI upset

83
Q

Etoposide (VP-16): Class and MOA

A

G2 specific agent taht inhibits topo II and enhances DNA degradation

84
Q

Etoposide (VP-16): USe

A

cancer

85
Q

Etoposide (VP-16): Adverse effects

A

Myelosuppression, GI irritation, alopecia

86
Q

Prednisone: Class and MOA

A

Apoptosis trigger.

87
Q

Prednisone: Use

A

Most common glucocorticoid in cancer, CLL, Lymphomas (MOPP), immunosuppressant

88
Q

Prednisone: Adverse Effects

A

Cushing-like, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, HTN, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis

89
Q

Tamoxifen, reloxifene: Class and MOA

A

SERMs. Estrogen receptor agonsits in estrogen sensitive cancers

90
Q

Tamoxifen, reloxifene: Uses

A

Breast cancer. Osteoporosis prevention

91
Q

Tamoxifen, reloxifene: adverse effects

A

tamoxifen may increase risk of endometrial carcinoma.

92
Q

Trastuzumab: Class and MOA

A

monoclonal Ab to HER-2 in breast cancer cells that overexpress this molecule.

93
Q

Trastuzumab: Use

A

Breast Cancer

94
Q

Trastuzumab: Toxicity

A

Cardiotoxic

95
Q

Imatinab (Gleevec): Class and MOA

A

Philadelphia chromosome bcr-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor

96
Q

Imatinab (Gleevec): USE

A

CML, GI stromal tumors

97
Q

Vincristine, vinblastine: Class and MOA

A

Microtubule polymerization blockers. M-phase-specific

98
Q

Vincristine, vinblastine: Use

A

Hodgkin’s (MOPP), other cancers

99
Q

Paclitaxel: Class and MOA

A

Binds tubulin, preventing microtubule formation. (no anaphase). M-phase-specific

100
Q

Paclitaxel: Use

A

Ovarian and breast carcinomas

101
Q

Paclitaxel: Adverse Effects

A

Myelosuppression and hypersensitivity

First aid drugs (10 decks)

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