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First aid drugs > Step 1 musculo_heme > Flashcards

Step 1 musculo_heme Flashcards

1
Q

What enzyme(s) do NSAIDs, acetaminophen, aspirin block? Which are reversible and irreversible?

A

COX-1, COX-2

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2
Q

Montelukast MOA?

A

Blocks leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4)

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3
Q

Aspirin: Adverse effects

A

GI Upset and bleeding

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4
Q

Ketorolac: Drug Class and MOA

A

NSAIDS - block COX-1 and COX-2

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5
Q

Celecoxib: Class and MOA

A

COX-2 inhibitor (reversible)

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6
Q

Celecoxib: adverse effects

A

increased risk of thrombosis

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7
Q

Use this drug instead of aspirin to prevent Reye’s syndrome

A

Acetaminophen

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8
Q

Etidronate: Class and MOA

A

Bisphosphonate - inhibit osteoclastic activity

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9
Q

Pamidronate: Class and MOA

A

Bisphosphonate - inhibit osteoclastic activity

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10
Q

ALendronate: Class and MOA

A

Bisphosphonate - inhibit osteoclastic activity

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11
Q

Colchicine: Class and MOA

A

It’s own class - depolymerzies microtubules, impairing leukocyte chemotaxis

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12
Q

Colchicine: Use

A

Chronic gout

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13
Q

Probenecid: Class and MOA

A

Inhibits reabsorption of uric acid in PCT

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14
Q

Probenecid: Use

A

Chronic Gout

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15
Q

Allopurinol: Class and MOA

A

Xanthine Oxidase inhibitor. Prevents the formation of plasma uric acid

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16
Q

Allopurinol: Use

A

Chronic Gout

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17
Q

What should be used in an acute flare of gout?

A

Indomethacin

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18
Q

Allopurinol: Drug interactions

A

Increases azathioprine and 6-MP (both normally metabolized by xanthine oxidase)

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19
Q

Etanercept: Class and MOA

A

Recombinant TNF receptor. binds TNF

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20
Q

Etanercept: USes

A

Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis

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21
Q

Infliximab: Class and MOA

A

Monoclonal antibody that Binds TNF.

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22
Q

Infliximab: Uses

A

Crohn’s disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis.

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23
Q

Infliximab: Toxicity

A

Infection predisposition (TB reactivation)

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24
Q

Heparin: Class and MOA

A

Anticoagulant. Catalyzes the activation of antithrombin III (decreases thrombin and Xa)

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25
Heparin: Use
Immediate anticoagulation for PEs, strokes, MI, etc.
26
How do you monitor Heparin use?
Monitor PTT
27
Heparin: Adverse effects
Bleeding, Thrombocytopenia (via HIT), osteoporosis
28
Reversal of Heparin OD?
Protamine sulfate
29
Lepirudin, bivalirudin: class and MOA
Anticoagulants. Hirudin derivatives that directly inhibit thrombin.
30
Lepirudin, bivalirudin: Use
Replacement of heparin in HIT
31
Warfarin: Class and MOA
Anticoagulant. inhibits factor synthesis and _-carboxylation of K-dependant factors (II, VII, IX, X and Proteins C and S)
32
How do you monitor Warfarin use?
PT
33
Warfarin: Use
Chronic anticoagulation
34
What would you use in a pregnant woman, Warfarin or heparin?
Heparin. Warfarin crosses the placenta
35
Warfarin: adverse effects
Bleeding, Warfarin-induced tissue necrosis, teratogen
36
tPA: Class and MOA
Thrombolytic. Activator of plasminogen -> breakdown of fibrin and fibrinogen
37
tPA: Use
Early MI, Ischemic Stroke
38
tPA: Adverse Effects
Bleeding, Contrai'ed in pts with bleeding.
39
tPA: Toxicity Tx
Aminocapric acid (inhibits plasminogen)
40
Streptokinase, urokinase: Class and MOA
Thrombolytic. Activate plasminogen
41
Clopidogrel, ticlopidine: Class and MOA
Anticoagulant. Inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking ADP receptors -> Inhibition of fibrinogen bdnding by prevention of gpIIb/IIIa
42
Clopidogrel, ticlopidine: Use
Acute coronary syndrome, coronary stenting
43
ticlopidine: toxicity
Neutropenia
44
Abciximab: class and MOA
Monoclonal antibody that binds the gpIIb/IIIa receptor on activated platelets, preventing aggregation
45
Abciximab: Use
Acute coronary syndromes, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
46
Abciximab: adverse effects
Bleeding, thrombocytopenia
47
Methotrexate: Class and MOA
DHF reductase inhibitor. No production of Thymidine.
48
Methotrexate: Use
Cancer, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis
49
Methotrexate: Adverse effects (and how to reverse)
Myelosuppression, reverisble with leucovorin (folinic acid) rescue
50
5-fluorouracil: Class and MOA
Thymidylate synthase inhibitor (no production of dTMP)
51
5-fluorouracil: Use
Cancer. Synergistic with MTX
52
5-fluorouracil: Adverse effects (and how to reverse)
Myelosuppression. Thymidine rescue
53
6-mercaptopurine: class and MOA
Block of de novo purine synthesis. Needs activated by HGPRTase.
54
6-mercaptopurine:Use
Cancer
55
6-mercaptopurine: Adverse Effects
Bone marrow, GI, Liver. Metabolized with xanthine oxidase...toxicity with allopurinol
56
Cytarabine (ara-c): Class and MOA
Inhibits DNA polymerase
57
Cytarabine (ara-c): Use
Cancer (A__Ls and non-hodgkin's)
58
Cytarabine (ara-c): Adverse Effects
Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, Megaloblastic anemia
59
Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide: Class and MOA
Alkylating agents. Colvalently link DNA at guanine. Both require activation by liver
60
Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide: USe
Cancer and immunosuppression
61
Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide: Adverse effects (and reversibility)
Myelosuppression, HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS (reversible with mesna)
62
Nitrosureas: Names
Carumustine, lomustine, semustine, streptozocin
63
Nitrosureas: Class and mOA
DNA Alkylating agents. Require activation. Cross BBB.
64
Nitrosureas: Use
Brain tumors
65
Nitrosureas: Adverse effects
CNS toxicity
66
Cisplatin, carboplatin: Class and MOA
Crosslink DNA
67
Cisplatin, carboplatin: Use
Cancer
68
Cisplatin, carboplatin: Adverse effects
NEPHROTOXIC and acoustic nerve damage
69
Busulfan: Class and MOA
Alkylates DNA
70
Busulfan: Use
Cancer and Bone marrow ablation
71
Busulfan: Adverse effects
Pulmonary Fibrosis, hyperpigmentation
72
Doxorubicin: Class and MOA
Generates free radicals
73
Doxorubicin: Adverse Effects
Cardiotoxic
74
Dactinomycin: Class and MOA
Intercalates DNA
75
Dactinomycin: Use
Childhood cancers
76
Dactinomycin: Adverse Effects
Myelosuppression
77
Bleomycin: Class and MOA
Free radical induction
78
Bleomycin: Use
Cancer (testicular), ABVD Hadgkin's regimen
79
Bleomycin: Adverse Effects
Pulmonary fibrosis, skin changes
80
Hydroxyurea: Class and MOA
Inhibits Ribonucleotide Reductase, decreased DNA synthesis
81
Hydroxyurea: Use
Cancer
82
Hydroxyurea: Adverse Effects
BM Suppresion, GI upset
83
Etoposide (VP-16): Class and MOA
G2 specific agent taht inhibits topo II and enhances DNA degradation
84
Etoposide (VP-16): USe
cancer
85
Etoposide (VP-16): Adverse effects
Myelosuppression, GI irritation, alopecia
86
Prednisone: Class and MOA
Apoptosis trigger.
87
Prednisone: Use
Most common glucocorticoid in cancer, CLL, Lymphomas (MOPP), immunosuppressant
88
Prednisone: Adverse Effects
Cushing-like, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, HTN, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis
89
Tamoxifen, reloxifene: Class and MOA
SERMs. Estrogen receptor agonsits in estrogen sensitive cancers
90
Tamoxifen, reloxifene: Uses
Breast cancer. Osteoporosis prevention
91
Tamoxifen, reloxifene: adverse effects
tamoxifen may increase risk of endometrial carcinoma.
92
Trastuzumab: Class and MOA
monoclonal Ab to HER-2 in breast cancer cells that overexpress this molecule.
93
Trastuzumab: Use
Breast Cancer
94
Trastuzumab: Toxicity
Cardiotoxic
95
Imatinab (Gleevec): Class and MOA
Philadelphia chromosome bcr-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor
96
Imatinab (Gleevec): USE
CML, GI stromal tumors
97
Vincristine, vinblastine: Class and MOA
Microtubule polymerization blockers. M-phase-specific
98
Vincristine, vinblastine: Use
Hodgkin's (MOPP), other cancers
99
Paclitaxel: Class and MOA
Binds tubulin, preventing microtubule formation. (no anaphase). M-phase-specific
100
Paclitaxel: Use
Ovarian and breast carcinomas
101
Paclitaxel: Adverse Effects
Myelosuppression and hypersensitivity

First aid drugs (10 decks)

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