Neuro pharm step 1 Flashcards
trazodone
atypical antidepressant. inhibits serotonin reuptake; used for insomnia. Causes boners
bupropion
atypcial antipdepressant. Increases NE and dopamine. Toxicity: seizures but NO sexual side effects.
mirtazapine
alpha-2 antagonist. antidepressant. weight gain, dry mouth.
selegiline
MAO inhibitor. atypical depression. hypertensive crisis with tyramine (wine, cheese). Contraindicated with SSRI’s or meperidine to prevent seretonin syndrome.
Phenytoin
1st line tonic clonic, 1st prophylaxis for status epilepticus.
carbamazepine
1st line for simple and complex partial seizures, 1st line tonic clonic, 1st line for trigeminal neuralgia. Also used as a mood stabalizer
Lamotrigine
Na channel blocker.
gabapentin
increases GABA in the brain
topiramate
seizures. increases GABA and blocks Na channels
phenobarbital
long acting barbituate. facilitate GABA by increasing duration of Cl channel opening.
Thiopental
short acting barbituate.
Valproic acid
blocks Na channels and increases GABA.
ethosuximide
blocks calcium channels in thalamus.
Tiagabine
seizures. inhibits GABA reuptake (GAT-1)
Vigabatrin
Seizures.
Diazepam
facilitate GABA by increase frequency of Cl channel opening
lorazepam
facilitate GABA by increase frequency of Cl channel opening
Chlordiazepoxide
facilitate GABA by increase frequency of Cl channel opening
Alprazolam
facilitate GABA by increase frequency of Cl channel opening
oxazepam
facilitate GABA by increase frequency of Cl channel opening
Triazolam
facilitate GABA by increase frequency of Cl channel opening
Ketamine
PCP analog for dissociative anesthetic. Blocks NMDA receptors.
propofol
rapid anesthesia induction. less postoperative nausea than thiopental
Succinylcholine
neuromuscular blocking drug. Depolarizing agent, selective for nicotinic receptors.
tubocurarine/pancuronium
neuromuscular blocking agents, nondepolarizing.
Dantrolene
Treatment for malignant hyperthermia.
Bromocriptine
Parkinsons treatment. dopamine receptor agonist. Ergot alkaloid
Pergolide
Parkinsons treatment. dopamine receptor agonist. Ergot alkaloid
Pramipexole
Parkinsons treatment. dopamine receptor agonist. Non-Ergot alkaloid
Ropinirole
Parkinsons treatment. dopamine receptor agonist. Non-Ergot alkaloid
Selegiline
parkinsons treatment. MAO-B inhibitor
rasagiline
Parkinsons treatment. MAO-B inhibitor
Tolcapone
parkinsons treatment. COM-T inhibitor
Entacapone
parkinsons treatment. COM-T inhibitor
Carbidopa
parkinson treatment, prevents peripheral breakdown of L-DOPA by dopa decarboxylase
Memantine
NMDA receptor antagonist. Alzheimer’s treatment
Donepezil
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Alzheimer’s treatment
Haloperidol
Antipsychotic. Block D2 (increase cAMP) dopamine receptors.
Fluphenazine
Antipsychotic. Block D2 (increase cAMP) dopamine receptors.
Thioridazine
Antipsychotic. Block D2 (increase cAMP) dopamine receptors.
Chlorpromazine
Antipsychotic. Block D2 (increase cAMP) dopamine receptors.
Olanzapine
Atypical antipsychotics. Block 5-HT2, alpha, H1, and dopamine receptors.
Clozapine
Atypical antipsychotics. Block 5-HT2, alpha, H1, and dopamine receptors.
quetiapine
Atypical antipsychotics. Block 5-HT2, alpha, H1, and dopamine receptors.
Risperidone
Atypical antipsychotics. Block 5-HT2, alpha, H1, and dopamine receptors.
Lithium
Mood stablizer for bipolar.
Buspirone
Stimulates 5-HT1a receptors
Imipramine
Tertiary TCA. blocks reuptake of NE and serotonin.
Amitriptyline
Tertiary TCA. blocks reuptake of NE and serotonin.
Desipramine
Secondary TCA. blocks reuptake of NE and serotonin.
Nortriptyline
Secondary TCA. blocks reuptake of NE and serotonin.
Clomipramine
Secondary TCA. blocks reuptake of NE and serotonin.
amoxapine
Secondary TCA. blocks reuptake of NE and serotonin.
sodium bicarbonate
used to treat Cardiovascular toxicity to TCA’s
Fluoxetine
SSRI. 1st line for depression and anxiety.
Paroxetine
SSRI. 1st line for depression and anxiety.
Sertraline
SSRI. 1st line for depression and anxiety.
Venlafaxine
SNRI. depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Has greater serotonin effect than NE.
Duloxetine
SNRI. depression and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Phenelzine
MAO inhibitor (irreversible binding).
Tranylcypromine
MAO inhibitor (irreversible binding).
Selegiline
MAO inhibitor, selective for MAO-B (irreversible binding).
bupropion
atypical antidepressant. increases NE and dopamine.
Trazodone
inhibits serotonin reuptake. 5-HT2a.
Metyrosine
inhibits rate limited Tyrosine—>Dopamine conversion in presynaptic adrenergic terminal. Used for pheocromocytoma patients.
Reserpine
inhibits proper storage and packaging of vesicles in presynaptic adrenergic terminal.
Guanethidine
inhibits adrenergic vesicle release, but does not cause bronchoconstriction
bromoacetylcholine
prevents combining of acetyl CoA and choline in the presynaptic cholinergic terminal.
Hemicholinium
prevents reuptake of choline into terminal
Botilinum
prevents release of Ach vessicles into synaptic cleft
organic pesticide
irreversibly inhibits Muscarininc or nicotinic receptors directly
vesamicol
prevents proper vesicle storage and formation in presynaptic cholinergic synapse
pralidoxime
irreversible anit-cholinesterase inhibitor (frees cholinesterase from it’s bond to organophosphate poisons).
pilocarpine
muscarininic agonist. used for glaucoma emergencies. lots of sweat and tears. contracts ciliary muscle(open angle) and pupillary sphincter (narrrow angle)
methacholine
muscarinic agonist. diagnostic for asthma
Neostigmine
anticholinesterase. neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, reversal of neruomuscular junction blockade (postoperative). NO CNS—-only reverses peripheral atropine overdose symptoms
edrophonium
anticholinesterase. myasthenia gravis diagnosis, very short acting
pyridostigmine
anticholinesterase, long acting, treatment of myasthenia gravis.
physostigmine
anticholinesterase. Glaucoma, crosses the BBB, used for atropine overdose because it crosses BBB
ipratropium
muscarininc antagonist. COPD, asthma
scopolamine
muscarinic antagonist. motion sickness
benztropine
muscarinic antagonist. Parkinson’s symptoms, even from drug induced such as from antipsychotics”park my benz”
atropine
muscarinic antagonist. used in choliesterase inhibitor poisoning. Inferior MI’s are assoc with bradycardia and may be treated with atropine–>*must watch for atropine causing acute angle glaucoma, esp in elderly.
hexamethonium
nicotinic antagonist. ganliionic blocker, helps smokers quit
timolol
beta blocker. used for glaucoma–decrease in aqueous humor. act at ciliary epithelium–qbank question
flumazenil
treat benzodiazepine OD. competitive antagonist of GABA benzo receptor.
P-450 inducers
Quinidine, Barbiturates, St. John’s Wort, Phenytoin, Rifampin, Greseofulvin, Carbamazepine, Chronic alcohol use. “Queen BARB Steals PHEN-phen and Refuses GREasy CARBs CHRONICally”
P-450 Inhibitors
Sulfonamides, Isoniazid, Cimetidine, Ketoconazole, Erythromycin,Grapefruit juice, Acute alcohol use. “you might get Acutely SICk from KEG beer”
Ziprasidone
Antipsychotic. Block D2 (increase cAMP) dopamine receptors.
What is the evolution of EPS?
4h-dystonia (muscle spasm, stiffness)
diphenhydramine
reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors. 1st generation
Chlorpheniramine
reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors.-1st generation
Loratadine
2nd generation anti-histamine, H1 blockers.
fexofenadine
2nd generation anti-histamine, H1 blockers.
desloratadine
2nd generation anti-histamine, H1 blockers.
cetirizine
2nd generation anti-histamine, H1 blockers.
cyproheptadine
Treatement for serotonin syndrome. 5-HT2 receptor antagonist.
Baclofen
Treats spastic conditions
Primidone
random ass anti-epileptic drug that world says is converted to phenobarbital.
methadone
agonist at opiod receptors to modulate pain synaptic transmission - open K channels and close Ca channels. used in maintenance programs for addicts.
naloxone/natrexone
opiod receptor antagonist. treats opoid drug OD.
Zolpidem
short term sleeping drug. mechanistically related to benzos (potentiates GABA), but has no anticonvulsant, no muscle relaxing, and no addiction properties. (ID:349 world)
Pentazocine
opioid narcotic designed to produced analgesic without abuse potential.
propanolol
B blocker, is a first line treatment for essential tremor.
phenoxybenzamine
irreversible nonselective alpha adrenergic blocker. used for pheocromocytoma. phentolamine is the reversible version.
mirtazapine
alpha-2 selective blocker. Used for depression.
prazosin
alpha-1 selective blocker. used for BPH to relax trigone and sphincter and allow urination.
