Neuro pharm step 1 Flashcards by Osa obanor | Brainscape

Q

trazodone

A

atypical antidepressant. inhibits serotonin reuptake; used for insomnia. Causes boners

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Q

bupropion

A

atypcial antipdepressant. Increases NE and dopamine. Toxicity: seizures but NO sexual side effects.

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Q

mirtazapine

A

alpha-2 antagonist. antidepressant. weight gain, dry mouth.

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Q

selegiline

A

MAO inhibitor. atypical depression. hypertensive crisis with tyramine (wine, cheese). Contraindicated with SSRI’s or meperidine to prevent seretonin syndrome.

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Q

Phenytoin

A

1st line tonic clonic, 1st prophylaxis for status epilepticus.

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Q

carbamazepine

A

1st line for simple and complex partial seizures, 1st line tonic clonic, 1st line for trigeminal neuralgia. Also used as a mood stabalizer

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Q

Lamotrigine

A

Na channel blocker.

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Q

gabapentin

A

increases GABA in the brain

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Q

topiramate

A

seizures. increases GABA and blocks Na channels

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Q

phenobarbital

A

long acting barbituate. facilitate GABA by increasing duration of Cl channel opening.

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Q

Thiopental

A

short acting barbituate.

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Q

Valproic acid

A

blocks Na channels and increases GABA.

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Q

ethosuximide

A

blocks calcium channels in thalamus.

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Q

Tiagabine

A

seizures. inhibits GABA reuptake (GAT-1)

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Q

Vigabatrin

A

Seizures.

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Q

Diazepam

A

facilitate GABA by increase frequency of Cl channel opening

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Q

lorazepam

A

facilitate GABA by increase frequency of Cl channel opening

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Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A

facilitate GABA by increase frequency of Cl channel opening

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Q

Alprazolam

A

facilitate GABA by increase frequency of Cl channel opening

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Q

oxazepam

A

facilitate GABA by increase frequency of Cl channel opening

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Q

Triazolam

A

facilitate GABA by increase frequency of Cl channel opening

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Q

Ketamine

A

PCP analog for dissociative anesthetic. Blocks NMDA receptors.

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Q

propofol

A

rapid anesthesia induction. less postoperative nausea than thiopental

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Q

Succinylcholine

A

neuromuscular blocking drug. Depolarizing agent, selective for nicotinic receptors.

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Q

tubocurarine/pancuronium

A

neuromuscular blocking agents, nondepolarizing.

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Q

Dantrolene

A

Treatment for malignant hyperthermia.

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Q

Bromocriptine

A

Parkinsons treatment. dopamine receptor agonist. Ergot alkaloid

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Q

Pergolide

A

Parkinsons treatment. dopamine receptor agonist. Ergot alkaloid

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Q

Pramipexole

A

Parkinsons treatment. dopamine receptor agonist. Non-Ergot alkaloid

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Q

Ropinirole

A

Parkinsons treatment. dopamine receptor agonist. Non-Ergot alkaloid

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Q

Selegiline

A

parkinsons treatment. MAO-B inhibitor

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Q

rasagiline

A

Parkinsons treatment. MAO-B inhibitor

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Q

Tolcapone

A

parkinsons treatment. COM-T inhibitor

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Q

Entacapone

A

parkinsons treatment. COM-T inhibitor

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Q

Carbidopa

A

parkinson treatment, prevents peripheral breakdown of L-DOPA by dopa decarboxylase

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Q

Memantine

A

NMDA receptor antagonist. Alzheimer’s treatment

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Q

Donepezil

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Alzheimer’s treatment

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Q

Haloperidol

A

Antipsychotic. Block D2 (increase cAMP) dopamine receptors.

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Q

Fluphenazine

A

Antipsychotic. Block D2 (increase cAMP) dopamine receptors.

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Q

Thioridazine

A

Antipsychotic. Block D2 (increase cAMP) dopamine receptors.

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Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Antipsychotic. Block D2 (increase cAMP) dopamine receptors.

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Q

Olanzapine

A

Atypical antipsychotics. Block 5-HT2, alpha, H1, and dopamine receptors.

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Q

Clozapine

A

Atypical antipsychotics. Block 5-HT2, alpha, H1, and dopamine receptors.

Q

quetiapine

A

Atypical antipsychotics. Block 5-HT2, alpha, H1, and dopamine receptors.

Q

Risperidone

A

Atypical antipsychotics. Block 5-HT2, alpha, H1, and dopamine receptors.

Q

Lithium

A

Mood stablizer for bipolar.

Q

Buspirone

A

Stimulates 5-HT1a receptors

Q

Imipramine

A

Tertiary TCA. blocks reuptake of NE and serotonin.

Q

Amitriptyline

A

Tertiary TCA. blocks reuptake of NE and serotonin.

Q

Desipramine

A

Secondary TCA. blocks reuptake of NE and serotonin.

Q

Nortriptyline

A

Secondary TCA. blocks reuptake of NE and serotonin.

Q

Clomipramine

A

Secondary TCA. blocks reuptake of NE and serotonin.

Q

amoxapine

A

Secondary TCA. blocks reuptake of NE and serotonin.

Q

sodium bicarbonate

A

used to treat Cardiovascular toxicity to TCA’s

Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI. 1st line for depression and anxiety.

Q

Paroxetine

A

SSRI. 1st line for depression and anxiety.

Q

Sertraline

A

SSRI. 1st line for depression and anxiety.

Q

Venlafaxine

A

SNRI. depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Has greater serotonin effect than NE.

Q

Duloxetine

A

SNRI. depression and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Q

Phenelzine

A

MAO inhibitor (irreversible binding).

Q

Tranylcypromine

A

MAO inhibitor (irreversible binding).

Q

Selegiline

A

MAO inhibitor, selective for MAO-B (irreversible binding).

Q

bupropion

A

atypical antidepressant. increases NE and dopamine.

Q

Trazodone

A

inhibits serotonin reuptake. 5-HT2a.

Q

Metyrosine

A

inhibits rate limited Tyrosine—>Dopamine conversion in presynaptic adrenergic terminal. Used for pheocromocytoma patients.

Q

Reserpine

A

inhibits proper storage and packaging of vesicles in presynaptic adrenergic terminal.

Q

Guanethidine

A

inhibits adrenergic vesicle release, but does not cause bronchoconstriction

Q

bromoacetylcholine

A

prevents combining of acetyl CoA and choline in the presynaptic cholinergic terminal.

Q

Hemicholinium

A

prevents reuptake of choline into terminal

Q

Botilinum

A

prevents release of Ach vessicles into synaptic cleft

Q

organic pesticide

A

irreversibly inhibits Muscarininc or nicotinic receptors directly

Q

vesamicol

A

prevents proper vesicle storage and formation in presynaptic cholinergic synapse

Q

pralidoxime

A

irreversible anit-cholinesterase inhibitor (frees cholinesterase from it’s bond to organophosphate poisons).

Q

pilocarpine

A

muscarininic agonist. used for glaucoma emergencies. lots of sweat and tears. contracts ciliary muscle(open angle) and pupillary sphincter (narrrow angle)

Q

methacholine

A

muscarinic agonist. diagnostic for asthma

Q

Neostigmine

A

anticholinesterase. neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, reversal of neruomuscular junction blockade (postoperative). NO CNS—-only reverses peripheral atropine overdose symptoms

Q

edrophonium

A

anticholinesterase. myasthenia gravis diagnosis, very short acting

Q

pyridostigmine

A

anticholinesterase, long acting, treatment of myasthenia gravis.

Q

physostigmine

A

anticholinesterase. Glaucoma, crosses the BBB, used for atropine overdose because it crosses BBB

Q

ipratropium

A

muscarininc antagonist. COPD, asthma

Q

scopolamine

A

muscarinic antagonist. motion sickness

Q

benztropine

A

muscarinic antagonist. Parkinson’s symptoms, even from drug induced such as from antipsychotics”park my benz”

Q

atropine

A

muscarinic antagonist. used in choliesterase inhibitor poisoning. Inferior MI’s are assoc with bradycardia and may be treated with atropine–>*must watch for atropine causing acute angle glaucoma, esp in elderly.

Q

hexamethonium

A

nicotinic antagonist. ganliionic blocker, helps smokers quit

Q

timolol

A

beta blocker. used for glaucoma–decrease in aqueous humor. act at ciliary epithelium–qbank question

Q

flumazenil

A

treat benzodiazepine OD. competitive antagonist of GABA benzo receptor.

Q

P-450 inducers

A

Quinidine, Barbiturates, St. John’s Wort, Phenytoin, Rifampin, Greseofulvin, Carbamazepine, Chronic alcohol use. “Queen BARB Steals PHEN-phen and Refuses GREasy CARBs CHRONICally”

Q

P-450 Inhibitors

A

Sulfonamides, Isoniazid, Cimetidine, Ketoconazole, Erythromycin,Grapefruit juice, Acute alcohol use. “you might get Acutely SICk from KEG beer”

Q

Ziprasidone

A

Antipsychotic. Block D2 (increase cAMP) dopamine receptors.

Q

What is the evolution of EPS?

A

4h-dystonia (muscle spasm, stiffness)

Q

diphenhydramine

A

reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors. 1st generation

Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors.-1st generation

Q

Loratadine

A

2nd generation anti-histamine, H1 blockers.

Q

fexofenadine

A

2nd generation anti-histamine, H1 blockers.

Q

desloratadine

A

2nd generation anti-histamine, H1 blockers.

Q

cetirizine

A

2nd generation anti-histamine, H1 blockers.

Q

cyproheptadine

A

Treatement for serotonin syndrome. 5-HT2 receptor antagonist.

Q

Baclofen

A

Treats spastic conditions

Q

Primidone

A

random ass anti-epileptic drug that world says is converted to phenobarbital.

Q

methadone

A

agonist at opiod receptors to modulate pain synaptic transmission - open K channels and close Ca channels. used in maintenance programs for addicts.

Q

naloxone/natrexone

A

opiod receptor antagonist. treats opoid drug OD.

Q

Zolpidem

A

short term sleeping drug. mechanistically related to benzos (potentiates GABA), but has no anticonvulsant, no muscle relaxing, and no addiction properties. (ID:349 world)

Q

Pentazocine

A

opioid narcotic designed to produced analgesic without abuse potential.

Q

propanolol

A

B blocker, is a first line treatment for essential tremor.

Q

phenoxybenzamine

A

irreversible nonselective alpha adrenergic blocker. used for pheocromocytoma. phentolamine is the reversible version.

Q

mirtazapine

A

alpha-2 selective blocker. Used for depression.

Q

prazosin

A

alpha-1 selective blocker. used for BPH to relax trigone and sphincter and allow urination.