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Botany > Stems > Flashcards

Stems Flashcards

1
Q

Constitutes the ascending axis of the plant

A

Stem

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2
Q

Give 4 main functions of the Stem

A
  • Provide mechanical support (framework)
    Facilitate photosynthesis
    Elevate flowers and fruits for pollination and seed dispersal
  • Provides a pathway for the movement of water and minerals
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3
Q

swollen part where leaves, branches and buds are

attached

A

Nodes

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4
Q

distance between two successive nodes

A

Internodes

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5
Q

small, raised dots, ridges for gaseous exchange

A

lenticels

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6
Q

mark below the axillary bud after a leaf has

fallen

A

leaf scar

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7
Q

undeveloped shoot

A

Bud

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8
Q

cut ends of vascular bundle seen within each

leaf scar

A

Bundle scar

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9
Q

angle between the leaf and the stem

A

Leaf axil

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10
Q

responsible for Elongation of Internodes

A

Intercalary

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11
Q

fascicle or also called compressed set of vascular tissues

A

Vascular bundle

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12
Q

outer collenchyma and parenchyma

A

Cortex

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13
Q
  1. open bundle with vascular cambium

2. closed bundle

A
  1. Dicot

2. Monocot

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14
Q

extension of pith between 2 vascular bundle

A

Pith ray

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15
Q

Difference between Intrafascicular and Interfascicular

A

Intra - cambium within 2 vasc, bundles

Inter cambium between 2 vascular bundle

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16
Q

smaller through time because of secondary xylem

A

Pith

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17
Q

Bundle sheath cells is for _____

Vascular cambium is for _____

A

Monocot

Dicot

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18
Q

Big - V

Small - T

A

Vessel

Tracheid

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19
Q

3 sections in young dicot stem

A

Dermal
Cortex
Stele

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20
Q

Young dicot stem has

A

eustele or vascular cylinder

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21
Q

The arrangement of vascular bundles in monocot stem is _____ and is enclosed by _____

A

scattered or dispersed ; bundle sheath

22
Q

loose ring of vascular bundles

A

eustele

23
Q
  1. Storage parenchyma

2. Albuminous cells

A

Ray initials

24
Q
  1. Tracheid, vessel elem, fibers

2. SIeve cell, sieve tube members, companion cells, fibers

A

Fusiform initials

25
Q

___ system forms ray initials

A

Radial

26
Q

___ system forms fusiform initials

A

Axial

27
Q

dicot; strengthens and with lots of fibers and vessel elements

A

Hardwood

28
Q

dark inner and suberized and lignified wood tha provide support

A

Heartwood

29
Q

wood of gymnosperms

A

Soft wood

30
Q

lighter that heartwood and is functional

A

sapwood

31
Q

is 2* present in modern ferns?

A

No, it is absent

32
Q

is 2* present in monocot?

A

No, it is absent.

Some have anomalous 2* growth

33
Q

is 2* present in gymno?

A

YEs

34
Q

is 2* present in dicot

A

YEs

35
Q

annual rings are late ___

A

Xylem

36
Q

early wood are ____

Late wood are ____

A

spring

Summer

37
Q

Upper side of stem produces many special gelatinous fibers whose walls are rich in cellulose.

A

Angiosperm: Tension Wood

38
Q

Underside of the branch produces fibers whose walls are rich in lignin.

A

Gymnosperm : Compression Wood

39
Q

Pine stems have ___

A

resin ducts

40
Q

advantage of Anomalous Secondary Growht in Potato

A

speed production of storage capacity

41
Q

advantage of included Phloem

A

protection of phloem from insects by one to several layers of wood.

42
Q

Outermost cells of 2* vasc. bundles develop into ___ with thick secondary walls

A

Fibes

43
Q

short stem covered with fleshy blades
for storage and reproduction

give example

A

Bulb

onion

44
Q

green stem for photosynthesis, reproduction and storage

ex.

A

Cladodes - cactus

45
Q

scaly underground stem for reproduction and storage

ex.

A

Rhizome - ginger

46
Q

Swollen outgrowths of stolon for storage and reproduction

ex.

A

Tubers

solanum tuberosum

47
Q

for protection in stem of ___

A

Hooks; rose

48
Q

horizontal stems w/ adventitous buds; for repro on new plants
ex

A

Stolons

strawberry

49
Q

Vertical and short underground stem for repro and storage

ex.

A

Corm

ex. gabi ot taro

50
Q

climbing or twining stem support

A

Twiner

Botany (9 decks)

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